北疆棉区棉花低温冷害的初步分析及对策探讨  

Preliminary Analysis and Countermeasures of Chiling Damage to Cotton in the North of Xinjiang

作　　者：赖先齐[1] 刘月兰[1] 徐腊梅[2] 郭金强[2] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学／新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,新疆石河子832003 [2]石河子气象局,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2008年第5期782-786,共5页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“准噶尔盆地沙漠增温效应对绿洲热量资源分异规律的研究”(30760105)

摘　　要：由于沙漠增温效应的良好作用,北疆沿天山一带的中、西部绿洲农区得以发展成世界上最北的棉区。北疆棉区低温冷害表现在4、5月播种——出苗时期及7、8月开花——结铃时期,尤以后者危害更大。冷害主要发生在温度原本不高、但又首先遭遇入境强冷湿气流的北疆棉区,是北疆棉区最大的农业气象灾害,急需加强研究。目前总结出的克服办法应遵循趋利避害原则,开花—结铃时期的冷害以筛选、选育抵御冷害能力较强的早熟、丰产品种,建立包含有抵御冷害的新技术体系;播种—出苗时期的冷害以当地气候、土壤特点采用适期早播,育苗移栽杂交棉,实施相应农业措施等,减轻、避免冷害。As a result of the rising temperature effect of desert, middle and western oasis agricultural region along the Tianshan mountains has become the northern cotton region in the world. At the same time, chilling damage may occur during sowing - emergence stage （ April - May） and flowering - boiling stage （July - August） especially the latter, may cause the greatest damage. At present, chilling damage resulting from cold and damp air current with the background of local normal temperature is the most serious meteorological disaster in northern Xinjiang. Countermeasures should be taken to overcome the chilling damage. During flowering -bolling stage, early - matured and high - yied cotton cuhivar should be selected, and then coupled with relevant agronomy mea.sures establish a new technical system resisting cold climate;Suitable time for planting should be chosen according to the local climate and soil features during sowing- emergence stage, thus advantages can be seeked and disadvantages can be avoided during the cotton growth.

关 键 词：沙漠增温效应 北疆棉区 低温冷害 趋利避害 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学] S426