美国定罪后DNA检测立法评析  

U.S.Legislation on Post-conviction DNA Testing

作　　者：张君周[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院诉讼法博士研究生

出　　处：《环球法律评论》2008年第5期78-83,共6页Global Law Review

摘　　要：随着错案披露数量的增加,DNA检测的作用得到进一步证实。美国各州意识到必须进行定罪后DNA检测立法。司法部采取了相关的调研,随后,立法活动在各州全面展开,2004年《无辜者保护法案》的制定标志着立法进入成熟阶段。在此过程中,涉及对检测动议申请权的宪法属性探讨,律师帮助权以及法官看守职责的分析。迄今为止,立法DNA检测取得较好的效果。研究这一立法历程及其理论争议,既可以了解近十年的法律变革,也有利于我国法治建设的完善。With the revelation of increasing number of misjudged cases, the significance of DNA testing has been further confirmed and all states in the U. S. have realized the necessity to adopt the law on ＂post-conviction testing＂. After the relevant investigation and research by the Department of Justice, states started to adopt the law. Legislation reached a mature phrase with the adoption of the ＂ Innocence Protection Act＂ in 2004. In this process, experts discussed the constitutional nature of the right to put forward the DNA testing request, access to lawyer, as well as the judges＇ ＂gate-keeping function＂. So far, the effect of legisla- tion is satisfying. Studying this legislative expevience and theoretical controversies in this area will help us better understand the legal reform in U.S. in the past decade and improve the relevant legal systems in China.

关 键 词：定罪后DNA检测 无辜者保护 科学证据 立法 

分 类 号：D971.2[政治法律—法学] DD915.3