凉山山系小熊猫(Ailurus fulgens)分布区景观格局  

Landscape pattern analysis of red panda habitat in Liangshan Mountains

作　　者：张顺林[1] 冉江洪[1] 唐明坤[1] 杜蓓蓓[1] 杨青[1] 刘世昌[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学生命科学学院,成都610064

出　　处：《生态学报》2008年第10期4787-4795,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家林业局资助项目~~

摘　　要：根据2000～2001年对凉山山系主山脊7个县小熊猫野外分布调查数据，利用“3S”技术对凉山山系小熊猫分布区进行了确定，估算出分布区面积为219055hm^2，占山系研究区域面积17．8％。利用景观空间格局定量化分析软件FRAGSTATS，分析了小熊猫分布区景观格局的组成、各类型斑块特征、不同类型斑块间空间分布关系。结果表明，栖息地景观边缘褶皱程度低，趋于平整，景观丰富度大；森林斑块间的结构连通性较好，各类型斑块聚集度较高。小熊猫生境内部破碎化程度较低，森林结构连接程度高，有适宜生境面积为160249．5hm^2，占分布区面积的73．15％，生境中存在3个脆弱区域，特别是美姑-峨边公路通过的椅子垭口区域需要引起极大的关注。Landscape patterns result from various ecological processes. In turn, these patterns strongly affect the biological processes of wild populations and influence the structure and distribution of them. The landscape spatial pattern in 2000 was analyzed using Landsat TM/ETM images and the program FRAGSTATS. Landscape diversity, patch characteristics, and the spatial distribution attributes of different landscape elements were analyzed quantitatively. Three aspects of the spatial landscape within study area were analyzed here. First, a variety of landscape indices, such as the proportional index of landscape components, diversity index and shape index, are selected for at the landscape and class levels to show the primary characteristics of the landscape in Liangshan Mountains. The result shows that the landscape diversity is rich and the shape is complex within the habitat area. Cold-temperate coniferous forest occupies the largest area with an average patch area of 61.65hm^2. Secondly, indices describing nearest-neighbor distances and patch gaps are used to express the spatial adjoining relationship and spatial fragmentation between red panda habitat and other land use/cover categories. The results indicate that the forest patches are mostly close and not very fragmented. Finally, the spatial fragmentation and suitable habitat distribution of red panda habitat were analyzed. The result tells us that the red panda distribution area is 219055hm^2 in areas where the forest patches are mostly close and relatively unfragmented. The present amount of suitable habitat is 209568hm^2 with 3763 hm^2 （3.17%） lost due to anthropogenic effects. Three fragile areas should be given more attention, especially the yiziyakuo area located on the road between Meigu and Ebian counties.

关 键 词：小熊猫 景观格局 生境评价 凉山山系 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]