苹果园主要害虫及其天敌生态位和集团分析  

Ecological niches and guilds of main insect pests and their natural enemies on apple trees

作　　者：郑方强[1] 张晓华 墨铁路[1] 时爱菊[1] 郑建强 吴举彬[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学植物保护学院,泰安271018 [2]烟台市植保站,烟台264001

出　　处：《生态学报》2008年第10期4830-4840,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：山东省科技厅科技攻关资助项目~~

摘　　要：在生态调控苹果园,对烟台红富士苹果树上主要害虫及其天敌的垂直生态位、水平生态位和时间生态位进行了分析,计算了三维生态位重叠值。通过聚类分析分别对害虫和天敌集团进行了划分,将叶片害虫群落分为4个集团,分别是"绣线菊蚜"、"金纹细蛾"、"叶螨集团"和"喜食嫩叶害虫集团";将叶片天敌群落分为4个集团,包括"喜食蚜虫天敌集团"、"专性食螨天敌集团"、"金纹细蛾寄生蜂集团"和"蜘蛛集团"。通过昆虫群落集团的划分,探讨了叶片昆虫群落结构的组织和种间关系。分析了主要害虫与天敌在树冠内的空间生态位和时间生态位重叠,表明天敌和害虫在空间上的同域性和时间上的同步性较强。The ecological niches of the insect pests and their natural enemies on apple leaves, including vertical, horizontal and temporal niches, were researched in the ecological management apple orchard in Muping District of Yantai City located in the east part of China. The vertical and temporal niche breadth had significant difference among the eight species of insect pests, but the horizontal niche breadth was high and showed no significant difference except two suckers, a leafhopper, Erythroneura sudra, and a phytophagous thrip, indicating that the resources were exploited differently in the vertical dimension of the canopy of apple tree and in the temporal sequences, but similarly in the horizontal dimension. The three- dimensional niche overlaps were calculated by using Cody＇ s summation α and used to classify the guilds of the insect pests and their natural enemies. The community of the insect pests was classified into four guilds, including＂ the guild of apple green aphid,Aphis citricola ＂,＂ the guild of Lithocolletis ringoniella＂,＂ the guild of spider mites＂ and＂ the guild of pests feeding on tender leaves＂. The formation of pest guilds resulted from the life history, the feeding behaviors, the resources requirement of the insect pests and the developmental stages of the apple tree. The community of the natural enemies consisted of four guilds, including＂ the guild of aphidophagous natural enemies＂, ＂the guild of obligatory predators of spider mites＂, ＂the guild of parasitoids of Lithocolletis ringonieUa＂ and ＂the guild of spiders＂. The classification of guilds can help elucidate how the insect community organized and the pests and their natural enemies interacted. The spatial and the temporal niche overlaps obviously showed close sympatry in space and close synchrony in time between the insect pests and their natural enemies,indicating that the natural enemies could respond quickly to the occurrence of insect pests and then exerted suppressing effect on insect pests. The crit

关 键 词：生态位 集团 群落 害虫 天敌 苹果 

分 类 号：S436.611[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]