本体论的“本义”与“转义”  

Original Meaning and Transferred Meaning of Ontology

作　　者：谢维营[1] 

机构地区：[1]上饶师范学院,江西上饶334001

出　　处：《烟台大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2008年第4期1-8,共8页Journal of Yantai University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

基　　金：教育部2007年人文社会科学规划基金项目(课题编号:07JA720017)

摘　　要："本体"在中文词源里,有"最高"、"最根本"、"最普遍"、"最重要"等含义;本体论虽然是外来词,但翻译为中文后,与原来的ontology已经有了很大的区别,产生了明显的"转义":如果说ontology的"本义"是一种"是论"或"存在论",是一种超验的"纯粹的逻辑规定性",是"西方哲学特有的一种形态",是"与经验世界隔绝或者先于经验世界的理念世界、绝对精神、纯粹理性的领域",是"不能从现实世界得到验证的纯粹的原理",是比一切其他哲学思维都更纯正的"第一哲学"的话,那么在中国的"水土"上,"本体论"已经具有了比西方的ontology丰富得无可比拟的"转义"。这种"转义"包括了人类对世界上一切"最高"、"最终"、"最根本"、"最普遍"、"最重要"的事物(或事件、事情、事实、事理等等)的追求,包括了人类对各种经验的和超验的"逻辑"、"原理"、"范畴"的把握和运用,包括了人类"溯本求源式的意向性和无穷无尽的指向性思维"及其所获得的成果,包括了人类"超越有限,指向无限"从而能动地实现人生根本意义的终极关怀。这种"转义"既有中华文化的传统影响,更重要的是学科发展本身的需要。在哲学范畴的产生和演变过程中,这种现象是比较常见的。＂Ontology＂ in the Chinese etymology means ＂the highest＂, ＂the most fundamental＂, ＂the most popular＂ and ＂the most important＂. Although it is a loan word, it has great difference from the oringinal meaning of ontology when translated into Chiness and has abvously ＂transferred meaning＂. If the ＂original meaning＂ of ontology is a ＂transcendental＂ purely logic stipulation＂ and a unique morphology of ＂the Western Philosophy＂, a field of idea world, absolute spirit, pure reason which is isolated from the experience world or prio to the experience world＂, and ＂a pure principle unable to be proven from the real world＂, then in Chiness, ＂ ontology＂ has richer transferred meanings unparalleled with ontology in the West. The ＂transferred meanings＂ contain all the things of ＂the highest＂, ＂the ultimate＂, ＂the most fundamental＂, ＂the most popular＂ and ＂the most important＂ which human has been pursuing. These ＂transferred meanings＂ have both the traditional influence of Chinese culture and the need of the development of academic discipline. In the course of production and evolution of philosophy area, this phenomenon is quite common.

关 键 词：本体 本体论 ONTOLOGY 本义 转义 

分 类 号：B016[哲学宗教—哲学理论]