临床护士锐器伤的现状调查及防护对策  

Investigation on the Sharp Injuries among Clinical Nurses and Its Preventive Measures

作　　者：杨晖[1] 归冬梅[1] 叶丽萍[1] 张菁[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海瑞金医院集团闵行区中心医院护理部,上海201100

出　　处：《解放军护理杂志》2008年第20期20-22,共3页Nursing Journal of Chinese People's Liberation Army

摘　　要：目的了解临床护士发生锐器伤的现状,增强职业安全意识,提高对锐器伤的认知和处理能力,减少锐器伤的发生。方法采用自行设计的问卷对368名临床护士进行锐器伤情况的调查。结果(1)在368名被调查的临床护士中有328名(89.13%)在最近1年中发生过锐器伤;(2)锐器伤的种类依次为针头(84.45%)、安瓿(10.37%)、刀片(3.35%)、剪刀(1.83%);锐器伤的发生环节依次在注射和拔针过程中(39.63%)、抽吸药液时(29.27%)、掰安瓿时(13.72%)、整理用物时(13.72%)、手术配合时(3.66%);(3)锐器伤发生后有36.28%的护士对锐器污染的程度未作评估;72.88%的护士未向主管部门报告;(4)被调查护士中,100%要求进一步加强职业安全教育,88.73%认为医院需要健全锐器伤汇报和管理体系。结论临床护士发生锐器伤的情况较为普遍,预防损伤发生和发生损伤后的处理均仍有待改善,须加强职业安全教育,提高护士对风险的认知和处理能力,以减少职业损伤。Objective To understand the current situation of sharp injuries among the clinic nurses, increase their awareness of ocuupational safety and enhance their cognition of related knowledg and capibilities of dealing with sharp injuries. Methods Three hundreds and eighty-six clinical nurses were surveyed on sharp injuries with self-designed questionnaires. Results 328 investigated nurses（89.13%）suffered from sharp injuries in the latest year. Needles,ampoules,blades and scissors were the common casuing sharp injuries, which accounted for 84.45%, 10.37%,3.35% and 1.83% respectively. And most sharp injurie occurred in the practice of injection and pullout （39.63%） ,opening an ampoule（13.72%）,cleaning up medical wastes（13.72%）and cooperating with operations（ 3. 66%）. When sharp injuries happened,36.28% clinical nurses hadn＇t done any assessment of the pollution degree of the apparatus and 72.88% had not reported to authories. In addition, all the surveyed nurses wanted to receive more education on occupational safety and 88.73% thought the reporting and management system of sharp injuries in the hospital should be improved. Conclusion It is common that clinical nurses suffer from sharp injuries by sharp apparatus. Therefore,countermeausres should be taken to prevent and deal with these injuries and education on occupational safety should be reinforced for clinical nurses.

关 键 词：临床护士 锐器伤 职业安全 

分 类 号：R641[医药卫生—外科学]