杂交稻Ⅱ优131高产结构与气候生态适应性研究  

High-yield conditions and climatic/ecological adaptability of hybrid-rice Ⅱ you131

作　　者：尤志明[1,2] 姜照伟[3] 程雪华 李小萍[3] 黄景灿 

机构地区：[1]福建闽丰科技种业有限责任公司,福建福州350003 [2]福建省农业科学院茶叶研究所,福建福安355000 [3]福建省农业科学院水稻研究所,福建福州350019

出　　处：《福建农业学报》2008年第3期281-287,共7页Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：福建省科技重大专项(2007N1005);国家科技支撑计划子课题(2006BAD02A13-3-6)

摘　　要：为探明杂交稻Ⅱ优131高产结构与气候生态适应性,指导大面积推广。在福建省德化县、尤溪县建立高产示范片,设置同地分期播种、异地同期播种、施氮水平、日长控制等试验,观察生育进程、茎蘖消长、稻谷产量、产量构成因素和气象因素,建立产量与产量构成因素、生育期与光温生态的统计回归关系。结果表明:Ⅱ优131示范片以每m2总粒数对产量变异的贡献率最高(占93.7%),而每穗粒数对每m2总粒数变异的贡献率最高(88.8%);Ⅱ优131分蘖力强,有效分蘖临界期在移栽后21.1±1.6 d;利用品种分蘖力强的特性确保足额的穗数,通过培育大穗扩增每m2总粒数,是Ⅱ优131实现高产的主攻方向。Ⅱ优131感温性弱、感光性中等偏低、基本营养生育期长;生育期长短决定于光温特性与光温生态的互作。依据福建省气温资源时空分布模式和Ⅱ优131生育期在不同温光条件下的变化,规划了Ⅱ优131在福建省不同纬度、海拔地区相宜的熟制和播种期。To determine the conditions for high-yield and climatic/ecological adaptability of hybrid-rice Ⅱ you131, in preparation for large scale promotion, field stations were established at Dehua and Youxi counties in Fujian. Conditions studied included interval sowing in a same location, sowing at the same time at different locations, nitrogen application rate, photoperiod control, etc. The observation and data collection included rice growing process, tiller dynamic, rice yield, yield components and meteorological factors, in order for statistical analysis. The results indicated that the contribution rate of total spikelets per m2 to yield variation in the demonstration field areas of Ⅱ you131 was the highest （93.7%）, and the contribution rate of spikelets per spike to variation of total spikelets per ms was the highest （88.8%）. Ⅱ you131 had strong stooling and its critical period of effective tiller was 21.1 ± 1.6 d after transplant. The key to achieve high yield for Ⅱ you131 was adequate spike by variety characteristics of strong stooling and total spikelets per m^2 by cultivating large spike. Ⅱ you131 has weak thermonasty, medium or slightly low photosensitivity and long basic vegetative period. Length of growing period directly relates to photo-thermal characteristics and ecology. Based on the temporal and spatial distribution patterns of thermal energy in Fujian, as well as the growing characteristics of Ⅱ you131 under different temperature and sunlight, appropriate ripe cycle and sowing time for Ⅱ you131 were recommended for areas in Fujian with different latitude and altitude.

关 键 词：Ⅱ优131 产量结构 生育期 光温特性 气候生态 

分 类 号：S511.21[农业科学—作物学]