茄子单性结实与非单性结实品系胚胎发育及果实解剖结构的观察  

Observation of Embryo Development and Fruit Anatomic Structure of Parthenogenetic and Non-parthenogenetic Eggplants

作　　者：张伟春[1,2] 魏毓棠[1] 王静 何明[2] 唐萍[2] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学园艺学院,沈阳110161 [2]辽宁省农业科学院蔬菜研究所,沈阳110161 [3]辽宁东亚种业集团,沈阳110161

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2008年第5期534-537,共4页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：辽宁省科技厅科技计划项目(2006301037)

摘　　要：为研究单性结实茄子与有性结实茄子果实发育过程,分别以两个单性结实品系D1、D2与两个非单性结实品系N1、N2为试材,采用石蜡切片法在显微镜下连续观察胚胎及果实发育情况。结果表明:茄子的胚囊发育属于蓼型,4个品系在开花前均已形成发育正常的八核胚囊,但开花后,单性结实品系和非单性结实品系的胚胎和果实发育产生了明显差异。未授粉单性结实品系的茄子无双受精作用,胚囊内卵细胞、助细胞、极核等逐渐解体消失,胚珠萎缩,果肉细胞排列紧密、间隙小,果实无籽;而非单性结实品系则产生了受精的卵细胞与极核,胚囊内生成游离胚乳核,果肉细胞排列松散,胎座上着生许多种子。可见,单性结实子房增大不依赖于受精作用的刺激,解剖性状可作为单性结实选育辅助的手段。The embryo development and fruit anatomic structure of two unpollinated eggplant parthenogenetic and two pollinated non-parthenogenetic lines were observed in paraffin sections. The results showed that eight-karyon embryo sac had already developed in four lines before flowering, but there was distinct difference between parthenogenetic and non-parthenogenetic lines. Double fertilization did not happen in the parthenogenetic lines and oocyte, Synergid, polar nucleus etc disappeared after blossom gradually. There was not any seed in the fruit of non-parthenogenetic eggplant lines, and sarcocarp cells arranged closely with a little or without obvious interval. To the non-parthenogenetic lines, dissociative endosperm nucleuses were full of embryo sac after double fertilization. There were lots of seeds in the fruit, and the arrangement of sarcocarp cells was incompact. The results obtained indicated that the growth of ovary in parthenogenetic lines didn＇t depend on the stimulation of fertilization, and that the anatomy characters could be referenced to select the parthenogenetic lines.

关 键 词：茄子 单性结实 果实 解剖 

分 类 号：S641.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]