内蒙古农牧交错区生态因素对玉米生长发育和饲用品质的影响  

The Effect of Ecological Factors in Inner Mongolia Farming-pastoral Region on the Growth and the Forage Quality of Maize

作　　者：王志刚[1] 高聚林[1] 王俊[1] 孙继颖[1] 胡树平[1] 王永平 张钧 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学农学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019 [2]临河区种子管理站,内蒙古巴彦淖尔015000 [3]内蒙古真金种业,内蒙古鄂尔多斯014300

出　　处：《华北农学报》2008年第5期202-207,共6页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30660083);奶业发展重大关键技术研究与示范(国家科技支撑计划);北京农业育种基础研究创新平台项目;玉米产业技术体系建设项目(公益性行业)

摘　　要：选择内蒙古从东到西5个典型生态类型区,通过不同玉米品种的比较试验,对不同生态区玉米全生育期内生态因素与玉米生长发育和全株饲用品质的关系进行系统研究,结果表明:玉米产量主要与地区温度和降水有关;不同生态区间按照温度升高,降雨量递减的顺序,玉米生育进程渐次加快,植株营养体增高,保绿性增强,籽粒产量和生物产量增大;玉米全株粗蛋白、粗脂肪、总消化养分和各能量指标含量降低,而粗纤维、粗灰分和无氮浸出物含量增高;粗蛋白、粗纤维、粗灰分、无氮浸出物和总消化养分群体积累量增大,而粗脂肪和能量积累量相反。不同生态区玉米生育期间日均温度、有效积温、平均日长和降雨量与玉米全株营养品质间可以通过线性回归较好拟合,方程可以反映各生态因子与玉米全株饲用品质的正负效应和定量关系,为各生态区根据当地生态因素预测玉米饲用品质、指导玉米青贮利用提供理论依据。In order to do assistant decision of high quality and yield cultivation and the use of forage maize in the farming-pastoral region in Inner Mongolia, it was significant to research the relationship between ecological factors and corn forage quality. The relation between ecological factors of the whole growth period and corn growth and the whole plant forage quality of different forage varieties were studied in 5 typical ecotopes. The results showed that the yield indexes of corn were mainly related to temperature and rainfall. According to the order of temperature increasing and rainfall decreasing in ecotopes, the developmental process of each growing period was accelerated, the plant height and the stay-green characteristics increased, and the grain yield and the biomass were heightened. The content of crude protein, ether extract, total digest nutrient and energy were decreased, while that of crude fiber, ash and nitrogen free extract presented contrary. The accumulation amount of crude protein, crude fiber, ash,nitrogen free extract and total digest nutrient increased while that of ether extract and energy indexes fell. The relationship of average temperature, effective accumulated temperature, average daylength, rainfall and the whole plant nutrient could be well fitted by liner regression equation, these equations could indicate the quantitative relationships of ecological factors and the whole plant nutrient, and supply the theoretical basis for predicting forage quality based on the local ecological factors and guiding corn silage using.

关 键 词：玉米 生态因素 饲用品质 农牧交错区 

分 类 号：S513.048[农业科学—作物学]