韩国出生性别比失衡的公共治理及对中国的启示  

Public Governances of Imbalanced Sex Ratio at Birth in South Korea and Implication for China

作　　者：韦艳[1] 梁义成[2] 

机构地区：[1]西安财经学院管理学院,陕西西安710061 [2]西安交通大学管理学院,陕西西安710049

出　　处：《人口学刊》2008年第6期15-22,共8页Population Journal

基　　金：国家软科学基金:促进中国性别平等与社会稳定的公共政策研究(2006GXS2B041);国家社科基金:中国农村大龄未婚男性的生活福利和促进政策研究(07CRK003);美国福特基金(Ford Fundation):中国社会政策协调与社会性别平等促进(1050-1037)

摘　　要：韩国出生性别比呈现先上升后下降的态势,韩国出生性别比偏高的直接原因是性别选择流、引产,而传统文化是根源性的原因,韩国性别失衡带来一系列社会后果,影响了韩国的社会稳定;韩国政府出台了一系列旨在维护女童权益、反对歧视女性、提高女性地位的法律法规;韩国的公民社会也作出了许多有益的尝试,通过公共治理,出生性别比出现显著下降,而且女性地位得到较大提升;韩国性别比失衡问题的治理对中国解决相关人口问题有着重要的借鉴意义。Using the data from various sources this paper reviews the studies and practices on governance of imbalanced sex ratio at birth in South Korea based on results of existing studies by scholars and intervention activities of Korean government and civil soclety. The results show that sex ratio at birth has risen then dropped;Sex -selective abortion is the proximal cause for the high sex ratio at birth,while the traditional Confucian culture is the fundamental cause;Imbalanced sex ratio at birth produces some social problems that threaten the long - term stability of Korean society. A series of national laws and regulations aimed at protecting of girl child＇ fights and interests,opposing discrimination against the female,improving the women status;Also the civil society made greateffort to promote gender equality. Sex ratio at birth dropped dramafically and status of women improved rapidly in South Korea with the comprehensive governance which has important implication for addressing similar population issues in China.

关 键 词：出生性别比 性别失衡 公共治理 韩国 

分 类 号：C924.243.126[社会学—人口学]