长期施用氯磷铵钾复混肥对土壤性质和作物产量品质的影响  

Effect of Long-term Application of Cholo-ammoniopotassium Phosphate Compound Fertilizer on Soil Property,Crop Yield and Quality

作　　者：王延平[1] 程波 于明 王德清[3] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁省农业科学院,辽宁沈阳110161 [2]辽宁省农业职业技术学院,辽宁盖州115214 [3]沈阳农业大学,辽宁沈阳110161

出　　处：《辽宁农业科学》2008年第5期10-14,共5页Liaoning Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：在玉米-玉米-大豆的轮作周期中，施等NPK养分的条件下，连续20年施用氯磷铵钾（双氯）复混肥的长期定位试验结果表明：施用氯磷铵钾复混肥对玉米的肥效与尿素＋普钙＋KCI（单氯），尿素磷铵钾（无氯）处理基本相当；对大豆作物，比尿素＋普钙＋KCl、尿素磷铵钾处理产量分别降低了12．8kg／667m^2和10．4kg／667m^2，均达到了5％显著水准；施氯磷铵钾处理比施尿素磷铵钾处理的玉米、大豆籽粒纯蛋白质含量分别降低了8．0g／kg和19．2g／kg。对玉米淀粉和大豆脂肪含量无不良影响。连续20年施用氯磷铵钾复混肥处理在0—60cm土层中氯的积累量为19．1kg／667m^2，0—20cm土层中最高含氯量为75．0mg／kg土，未达到玉米、大豆作物耐氯临界值。pH值由6．37下降到4．80，土壤出现明显的酸化现象。施氯磷铵钾复混肥处理土壤交换性钙、镁和盐基饱和度有明显降低。The experiment is carried out continuingly for 20 years by corn-corn-soybean rotation practice, under equal NPK condition with long term application of cholo-ammoniopotassium phosphate compound fertilizer. The result indicates that this compound fertilizer has similar effect with either urea ＋ calsium superphophate ＋ KCI or urea ammonium phosphate compound treatments on corn but comparatively less effctive on soybean which caused soybean yield reduced by 12.8 kg/667m^2 and 10.4 kg/667m^2, respectively, either statistically reaching 5% remarkable level;compared with urea ammonium phosphate treatment, pure protein content reduction is found both in corn and soybean grain by 8.0 g/kg and 19.2 g/kg under cholo-ammoniopotassium phosphate compound treatment but no starch or fat content reduction in corn or soybean is found during the experiment. After 20years long term experiment the cholorine accumulated in 0 - 60 cm soil surface has reached 19. 1g/667m^2, and highest cholorine content in 0 -20 cm soil surface is 75.0 mg/kg which still below corn and soybean cholorine tolerance rate, the soil has obvious aciditation with pH shifts from 6.37 to 4.80 ; it is also found that significant reduction of exchangeable calcium ,magnesium and saline base saturation percentage in the soil but tremendous improvement of instant phosphate, potassium content.

关 键 词：氯磷铵钾 尿素磷铵钾 玉米 大豆 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S143.58[农业科学—肥料学] S158.3[农业科学—农业基础科学]