海南省全国人群病毒性乙型肝炎血清流行病学调查  

Sero-epidemiological survey of hepatitis B virus infection in different populations in Hainan Province.

作　　者：曾雪霞[1] 曾昭长[1] 孙莲英[1] 潘婷婷[1] 李位鸿[1] 何剑[1] 闫秀娟[1] 邓海英[1] 符振旺[1] 

机构地区：[1]海南省疾病预防控制中心,海南海口570203

出　　处：《中国热带医学》2008年第11期1894-1897,1905,共5页China Tropical Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解海南省现阶段人群乙型病毒(HBV)性肝炎(以下简称乙肝)感染状况,评价1992年我国乙肝疫苗推广接种和2002年纳入儿童计划免疫实施效果。方法采用多阶段随机抽样方法,随机抽取1～59岁人群进行问卷调查,同时采集静脉血标本,标本由中国疾病预防控制中心统一检测乙肝感染标识物。结果海南省1～59岁人群HBV感染率为40.8%,HBsAg携带率为8.4%,分别较1992年前自然感染期下降了43.6个和9.4百分点。人群中有乙肝疫苗免疫史者占45.4%。1～4岁和5～14岁儿童乙肝疫苗全程接种率分别为97.3%和65.4%,及时接种率分别为84.0%和41.1%,HBV感染率为3.7%和20.6%,HBsAg携带率分别为1.1%和4.04%。15～59岁人群HBV感染率和HBsAg携带率分别为65.9%和13.5%,HBV感染率随年龄增长而升高。除1～4岁组外,城市人群乙肝疫苗接种率、首针及时接种率高于农村,人群HBV感染率、HBsAg携带率远低于农村。农民、工人HBV感染率、HB-sAg携带率高于其它职业人群,人群感染率和HBsAg携带率有随文化程度提高而下降趋势。人群乙肝感染存在家庭聚集性,聚集率为44.1%。结论海南省自1992年推广应用乙肝疫苗后,特别纳入儿童计划免疫实行免费接种后,有效控制了乙肝的传播,15岁以下儿童乙肝接种率和首针及时接种率大幅提高,HBV感染率、HBsAg携带率大幅下降,母婴垂直传播导致的家庭聚集感染是海南省人群乙肝感染率高的主要因素。Objective To understand the current infection status of hepatitis B virus in Hainan Province and evaluate the effects of use of hepatitis B vaccine in children since 1992. Methods Questionaire survey of infectious status of hepatitis B virus in diffetent populaitons aged 1 -59 years was made and veinous blood samples were meatime randomly collected and assayed by National CDC. Results The prevalent rate of HBV was 40.8% and the HBsAg positive rate was 8.4% , which dropped by 43.6% and 9.4 % as compared with that of 1992. The full course of Hepatitis B vaccination rate in children aged 1 - 4 years and 5 - 14 years children were 97.3% and 65.4%. While the vaccination rate was84.0% and 41.1%. HBV infection rate was 3.7% and 20.6%, HBsAg carrying rate was 1.1% and 4.04%. The HBV prevalence and HBsAg carrying rate was 65.9% and 13.5% in population of 15 - 59 years old. The Hepatitis B vaccination rate and in time rate of rural populations were significantly higher than urban ones except the 1 - 4 year group, he HBV prevalence rate and HBsAg positive rate were significantly lower than urban ones. The infection rate of HBV and HBsAg positive rates in workers and peasants were significantly higher than others, and descending along with the iincrease of educational levels The Familial Clustering of HBV Infection was founded （ about44.1% ）. Conclusion Hepatitis B virus infection was effectively controlled after application of hepatitis B vaccine freely, the infection rate, HBsAg carrying rate and timely vaccination rate in children under 15 yeats old are greatly increased.

关 键 词：人群 乙肝 血清 流行病学 调查 

分 类 号：R512.62[医药卫生—内科学]