滨岸缓冲带植物群落优化配置试验研究  

Optimization of Plants Community of Riparian Buffer Zones.

作　　者：吴健[1,2] 王敏[1] 吴建强[1] 杨泽生[1] 唐浩[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海市环境科学研究院,上海200233 [2]华东师范大学环境科学系,上海200062

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2008年第4期42-45,52,共5页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：上海市科学技术委员会科研计划项目(04DZ12032)

摘　　要：选择上海地区常见土著植被,设置草、灌、乔不同配置模式,构建了上海市青浦区东风港滨岸缓冲带试验基地,以开展不同植物群落配置方式下滨岸缓冲带面源污染防治和土壤抗侵蚀能力的现场试验。结果表明,草皮缓冲带截留径流污染物能力最强,12m长的百慕大试验带对固体悬浮物(SS)的截留率达到70%左右,对径流水中TN、TP净化效果也基本达到20%以上;草皮和乔木组合栽种能显著提高缓冲带对径流水中SS、N、P等污染物质的净化效果,并能有效防止裸露地表因受径流冲刷而造成的水土流失;草皮根系有助于提高浅层土壤抗侵蚀能力,在0—20cm土层,百慕大样地土壤平均抗剪切强度最高,为98.28kPa;灌木和乔木则对提高较深层土壤抗侵蚀能力效果较好,在20—55cm土层,杞柳和女贞样地土壤平均抗剪切强度分别为103.10和122.08kPa,而百慕大样地则仅为77.88kPa;草、灌、乔的合理配置能有效提高滨岸缓冲带的面源污染防治和土壤抗侵蚀能力。Different vegetations native and common to Shanghai were selected to form plant communities different in sod∶shrub∶arbor ratio for an experiment laid out in a riparian buffer zone experiment base,Dongfeng Port,Qingpu District,Shanghai,to determine their effects on control of non-point source pollution and soil erosion.Results indicate that buffer strips of sod were the strongest in ability to intercept pollutants from runoff,a 12 m-long buffer strip of Cynodon dactylon arrested around 70% of the suspended solid（SS）,and over 20% the TN and TP in the runoff;buffer strips of the combination of sod and arbor trees not only showed high effect in removing SS,N and P from runoffs,but also effectively controlled runoff-triggered soil erosion on barren land surface.Sod roots helped improve resistance of the surface/upperlayer soil（0-20 cm） to erosion.The average shearing strength of the buffer strip of Cynodon dactylon was the highest,reaching as high as 98.28 kPa;the combination of shrubs and arbors was much better in improving resistance of the soil in deep layers（20-25 cm） to erosion.The average shearing strength of the buffer strips of Salix integra and Ligustrum lucidum was 103.10 and 122.08 kPa,respectively,while that of the buffer strip of Cynodon dactylon was 77.88 kPa only.It could,therefore,be concluded that reasonable plant combination can improve the function of riparian buffer zones in controlling non-point source pollution and soil erosion.

关 键 词：滨岸缓冲带 植被配置 面源污染 土壤抗侵蚀能力 试验基地 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X173