水电站弃渣场岩土侵蚀人工模拟降雨试验研究  

Artificial Rainfall Research of Rock and Soil Erosion on Dumpling Pile in the Hydropower Station

作　　者：陈奇伯[1] 黎建强[1] 王克勤[1] 雷俊杰 齐红梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南林学院,昆明650224 [2]金安桥水电站有限公司,云南丽江674100

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2008年第5期1-4,10,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：云南省应用基础研究计划面上项目(20070065M);西南林学院重点科研基金项目(200509Z)

摘　　要：在金安桥水电站选定渣场弃渣颗粒径级分析基础上,用人工模拟降雨方法,对弃渣堆积平台和边坡的岩土侵蚀特征进行了研究,结果显示:(1)堆积弃渣颗粒在剔除>2 cm石块后,粒径>4 mm弃渣颗粒占48.42%,比原地貌表层土壤大13.64%,而原地貌表层土壤中粒径<0.25 mm颗粒占15.81%,弃渣中相同径级的颗粒占8.56%。(2)一次降雨过程中,弃渣堆积平台径流量最大,是原地貌荒草地的2.27倍,弃渣堆积坡面径流量最小,仅为原地貌荒草地的45.5%。(3)一次降雨过程中,弃渣堆积平台和坡面的初始含沙率均低于植被条件较差的原地貌荒草地的含沙率,达到稳定含沙率时,弃渣坡面的含沙率与原地貌荒草地接近,而渣场堆积平台的含沙率远低于原地貌荒草地。(4)一次降雨过程中,相同时段内的产沙总量原地貌荒草地最大,弃渣堆积平台次之,弃渣堆积坡面最小。(5)弃渣场岩土侵蚀过程中,产流量与产沙量之间呈显著的幂函数关系。The research of the characteristics of rock and soil erosion was conducted on the dumpling platform and slope with the method of artificial rainfall and on the basis of analyzing the diameterevel of the selected spoil and residue particles in Jin＇ anqiao hydropower station, and the result showed that ： （1） After removing the stones of which the particle diameter〉2 cm, the percentage of spoil particle diameter〉4 mm was 48.42%, which was 13.64 percent point more than the original landscape surface. In original landscape surface, the percentage of the particle diameter〈0.25 mm was 15.81%, which was just 8.56% in the spoil particles. （2） In one rainfall process, the largest runoff was in dumpling platform, which is 2.27 times of the original grassland; and the smallest runoff was in the dumpling slope, which is 45.5% of the original grassland. （3） In one rainfall process, the initial sediment of both the dumpling platform and slope were lower than the original grassland of poor vegetation when it archived stable sediment, the sediment of dumpling slope was close to the sediment of original grassland, and the sediment of the dumpling platform was much lower than the sediment of original grassland. （4） In one rainfall process, in the same period the grassland had the largest total sediment, followed by the dumpling platform, and the dumpling slope had the lowest sediment. （5） In the process of rock and soil erosion, the runoff amount and sediment yield had significant power function relations.

关 键 词：水电站 弃渣场 岩土侵蚀 人工模拟降雨 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]