塔中沙漠地区Guilspare~抑制土壤蒸发的效应研究  

Inhibition of Guilspare~ on Soil Evaporation in the Hinterland of Taklimakan Desert

作　　者：孙树国[1,2] 张建国[1,2] 徐新文[1] 雷加强[1] 李生宇[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100039

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2008年第5期99-103,共5页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：中国科学院重要方向项目(kzcx3-sw-342);国家科技攻关计划西部开发行动项目(2005BA901A21);国家自然科学基金项目(40701098);中国科学院“西部之光”人才培养计划项目(20052118);中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所绿洲学者“博士人才”计划项目

摘　　要：塔克拉玛干沙漠地区自然条件异常恶劣，土壤水分蒸发极为强烈，土壤水分损失严重，沙漠公路防护林的管护极其困难，因此林带节水保水乃当务之急。对新型土壤水分蒸发抑制剂Guilspare的保水效应进行了试验研究。结果表明，Guilspare可有效抑制土壤蒸发，保持土壤水分，改善土壤和植物水文环境，对林带节水保水具有重要意义。（1）Guilspare对沙漠土壤蒸发有明显的滞缓作用，抑制土壤蒸发累积量最大可达21．06mm，初始抑制效率达70％左右；（2）Guilspare对O5cm层土壤含水量的影响较大，对5cnl以下土层影响相对较小；（3）一个灌溉周期后植物水势随着Guilspare浓度的增加而逐渐降低，植物的水文环境得到了较大的改善。Taklimakan Desert region is known as its extremely rigorous natural conditions. Soil moisture loss is very serious because of its extremely strong evaporation. Under such conditions, the shelterbelt along the Trim Desert Highway is difficult to manage and protect, so water-saving and water-keeping of shelterbelt is imperative. In this study, one new type hydrophobic polymer named Guilspare is used to text the inhibition on soil evaporation. Results show that Guilspare can limit soil evaporation and maintain soil moisture, which is of great significance in shelterbelt for it can improve soil and plant hydrological environment. Firstly, Guilspare can reduce soil evaporation obviously. The largest inhibition amount is 21.06 mm and the ini- tial inhibition efficiency is about 70%. Secondly, in field evaporation experiment, water content within 5 cm of soil surface is affected largely by Guilspare and below 5 cm, it is affected relatively less. Thirdly, after irrigation, plant water potential is reduced gradually with Guilspare concentration increase and hydrological environment of plant is improved better.

关 键 词：塔克拉玛干 沙漠腹地 Guilspare. 土壤蒸发 微型蒸渗仪 植物水势 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]