蔡家川流域景观自然度研究  

Study of Landscape Naturalness(WLN)in Caijiachuan Watershed

作　　者：张志[1,2,3] 朱金兆[2] 朱清科[2] 李永芳 刘学祥 

机构地区：[1]清华大学公共安全研究中心,北京100084 [2]北京林业大学水土保持与荒漠化防治教育部重点实验室,北京100083 [3]武警警种指挥学院森林系,北京102202 [4]山西省吉县红旗林场,山西吉县042200 [5]山东省烟台市房地产综合开发办公室,山东烟台264000

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2008年第5期128-131,共4页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金："十一五"国家科技支撑计划课题"困难立地工程造林关键技术研究"(2006BAD03A03);国家重点基础研究发展规划项目"西部典型区域森林植被对农业生态环境的调控机理"(2002CB111503)

摘　　要：在借鉴国内外生态干扰度等相关研究成果的基础上,针对晋西黄土区蔡家川流域景观格局,提出了流域景观自然度概念,并确定相关空间图示表达以及分级量化分析方法。蔡家川流域呈现出以有林地为基质,灌木林、荒山和农地等斑块相间分布的景观格局。流域上、中、下三段之中,中段的破碎化程度最高,异质性最大,边缘效应强烈,斑块类型分布均匀。流域下段斑块破碎化程度减小,但天然起源的景观类型面积减少,人工起源和人为干扰成分较高的景观类型面积增加。流域上段较低的边缘效应,使之具有良好的生境质量和较高的生物多样性。流域自上而下表现出以人为影响为主要因子的生态干扰程度不断增强,自然景观减少,而半自然景观和人为景观均呈增加趋势。Based on a comprehensive review of previous researches on ecological disturbance degree, this study aimed at watershed-scale landscape pattern on the Loess Plateau in West Shanxi Province. Watershed landscape naturalness （WLN）, a new index, was introduced to describe landscape pattern characteristics, and its spatial expression on map and the methods of quantitative analysis were developed as well. Landscape of Caijiachuan watershed is composed of woodland and the patch mosaics of shrub-land, wasteland, and cropland. In the watershed, the middle part shows the highest degree of patch fragmentation, most significant heterogeneity, obvious edge-effects, and relatively even distribution of all types of patches. In the lower part, although patch fragmentation decreases, the area of natural landscape types is reduced and meanwhile the area of artificial landscape types increases. The slight edge-effects in the upper part of the watershed indicate favorable habitat and high biodiversity. From the upper to the lower part of the watershed, the ecological disturbance degree caused mainly by human activities increases and the WLN decreases gradually, while seminatural landscape and man-made landscape show an increased trend.

关 键 词：蔡家川流域 流域景观自然度 景观格局 地理信息系统(GIS) 

分 类 号：F301.2[经济管理—产业经济]