坡地固氮植物篱在农业面源污染控制方面的作用与营建技术  

Effects and Planting Techniques of Hedgerow Intercropping on Sloping Lands in Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Control

作　　者：张建锋[1] 单奇华[1] 钱洪涛 徐永辉 曹孟军 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所,浙江富阳311400 [2]宜兴市林业指导站,江苏宜兴214206

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2008年第5期180-185,共6页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：中央级公益科研院所基本科研业务专项(RISF060710);国家科技支撑计划“江河滩地生态修复与综合治理技术试验示范”(2006BAD03A15);江苏省“科技惠农工程”“水源区生态修复关键技术研究”

摘　　要：随着我国人口不断增长和社会经济的持续发展,耕地面积逐步减少,水土流失十分严重。土壤中的养分进入河流、湖泊,引发水体富营养化。为了从源头上控制农业面源污染,必须根据土壤生物热力学原理,以土壤为中心,大力治理坡地。在查阅文献的同时,结合现有的研究成果,发现在坡地营建等高固氮植物篱是一项有效措施,既可以利用生物固氮,减少化肥施用量,维持土壤一定的生产力,又能够防止水土流失,拦截、减缓地表径流,吸收土壤中的养分;氮、磷在岸边植被带的截留率分别为89%和80%,还可以带来一些经济收益。在此基础上,提出了坡地固氮植物篱的若干关键营建技术及应注意加强抚育管理,防治病虫害。Non-point source pollution is becoming more and more serious in China with population growth and socioeconomic development. Thus, sloping lands are paid a great attention in order to gain much more prod- ucts. While forest coverage decreases there, when heavy raining happens, soil erosion gets worsening. In this case, much more nutrients enter rivers and lakes which result in eutrophication. For controlling non- point source pollution from the sources, sloping land management in the headwater regions is necessary. It has been approved that contour hedgerow system is the most favorable art for soil and water conservation, which is considered as a vital measure to control agricultural non-point source pollution in practice. By imple- menting hedgerow intercropping, it can fix nitrogen through plants so as to reduce chemical fertilizers input, prevent soil erosion, uptake soil nutrients, and hold up pollutants. Through hedgerows, N and P are reduced by 89% and 80% respectively, which provides habitats for wildlife. Moreover, the planting techniques of hedgerows in sloping lands are also discussed such as design of the system, methods of site preparation, and type of planting, as well as tending and maintaining measures.

关 键 词：农业面源污染 植物篱 坡地 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学] X592[农业科学—农业基础科学]