汾河流域湿地退化特征及恢复对策  

Wetland Degradation Characteristics and Restoration Strategies in Fenhe River Watershed of Shanxi Province

作　　者：范庆安[1] 庞春花[2] 张峰[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]山西大学黄土高原研究所,山西太原030006 [2]山西师范大学生命科学院,山西临汾041004 [3]山西大学生命科学与技术学院,山西太原030006

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2008年第5期192-194,共3页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：山西省自然科学基金(2006011077);山西省留学基金(20060024);山西省软科学研究基金(2008041037-04)

摘　　要：在汾河流域湿地分布广泛,类型多样,生物多样性丰富,主要湿地类型有河口(内陆)湿地、河流湿地、湖泊湿地、水库湿地和沼泽及草甸湿地等,总面积930.51 km2。由于人为不合理利用和自然的原因,导致汾河流域湿地生态环境退化现象严重。该流生态环境主要表现特征为:(1)未经处理的污水直接排放导致湿地生态环境急剧恶化退化;(2)不合理的开发加速湿地面积不断萎缩,湿地植被遭到严重破坏;(3)过度开垦破坏水禽的栖息地,滥捕盗猎导致湿地生物多样性不断下降;(4)过度开采地下水和煤炭的无序开采使湿地生态环境恶化的进程加快。Wetlands in Fenhe River watershed are composed of various kinds of wetland,including wetland in inland estuary,river wetland, lake wetland, reservoir wetland, swamp wetland, and meadow wetlands. The total area of the wetlands is 930.51 km2. The eco-environmental characteristics of the wetlands are of broad distribution, various types, and abundant biodiversity. They are severely degraded because of human activities and other natural causes. Polluted water from mining coal, chemical engineering, and metallurgical enterprises results in the faster deterioration of wetland eco-environment. Unsuitable exploration of flooding plain and lakes causes the gradually decreased wetland area and seriously damaged vegetation of wetland. Over-reclamation of the wetlands destroys the habitat for waterfowl and over prey and illegal hunting lead to greatly decreased biodiversity. Over-exploration of underground water and coal mining accelerate the deterioration of wetland coo-environmental functions.

关 键 词：汾河流域 湿地 生态环境 恢复 

分 类 号：S156.8[农业科学—土壤学] X171.4[农业科学—农业基础科学]