欧洲受损生态系统恢复与重建研究进展  

An Overview of Restoration and Reconstruction of Damaged Ecosystem in Europe

作　　者：孟伟庆[1] 李洪远[1] 鞠美庭[1] 马春[1] 邵超峰[1] 常华[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学环境科学与工程学院,天津300071

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2008年第5期201-208,共8页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：天津市科技支撑计划重点项目(08ZCGYSF00200)

摘　　要：自20世纪70年代以来,受损生态系统的恢复与重建研究大量涌现。生态系统退化成为世界各国普遍面临的重要问题,并成为当前各国重视的焦点和生态学研究的热点之一。欧洲大部分地区都有很长的人类定居史,景观已经高度改变。在大量文献调研的基础上,从欧洲的生态系统类型出发,对欧洲生态恢复与重建研究作了总结,包括生态环境退化的现状,生态恢复的限制条件,生态与社会经济方面的限制和科学上的不确定性等,并对欧洲各国在森林、河流、湖泊、湿地、废弃地等生态系统类型典型生态恢复与重建的实践案例进行了分析。总结了欧洲生态恢复的促进因素,包括欧盟的作用,重要协议的颁布执行,生态网络的发展,公共参与的影响,财政援助等方面。最后对欧洲生态恢复与重建存在的问题和发展趋势及其对中国的借鉴作用进行了论述。Research on the restoration and reconstruction of disturbed ecosystem has increased since the 1970s. Degradation of ecological system has been recently considered as one of scientific hot spots and public focuses. The long history of human settlement in most parts of Europe means that landscapes have become highly modified. Based on the review of the references on ecological restoration, the emphases of the study on European ecological restoration and reconstruction, including the current status of ecological restoration and constraints, are discussed in view of the ecosystem types of Europe. Ecological and socio-economic con- straints, especially scientific uncertainty, are also analyzed. Some important cases of ecological restoration and rehabilitation are summarized and analyzed, including many ecosystem types such as forest, river, lake, wetland, and wasteland. Driving forces for ecological restoration in Europe are discussed, including estab- lishment of the European Union, implementation of international agreements and national priorities, develop ment of ecological networks, public opinion, and financial aids, etc. Lastly, the problems and development trends are discussed on European ecological restoration and rehabilitation.

关 键 词：受损生态系统 生态恢复 恢复与重建 实践 

分 类 号：Q148[生物学—生态学]