循环流水池塘养殖系统浮游植物群落结构与特征  

Characteristics of Phytonplankton Community Structure in a Recirculating Aquaculture System

作　　者：吴恢碧[1,2] 李谷[1,2] 陶玲[1,2] 姚延丹[3] 赵巧玲[4] 

机构地区：[1]农业部淡水鱼类种质资源与生物技术重点开放实验室／中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所,荆州434000 [2]中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心,无锡214081 [3]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海200090 [4]华中农业大学水产学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2008年第5期648-653,共6页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：国家“十一五”科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD03B01);中国水产科学研究院渔业水体净化技术和系统研究重点开放实验室课题(FWT-200605)资助

摘　　要：研究了循环流水池塘养殖系统和静态池塘养殖系统中浮游植物的种类组成、数量和生物量、多样性特征及群落相似性等,结果表明:养殖初期(6月),循环流水系统中池塘(循环塘)和静态养殖系统中池塘(对照塘)浮游植物的种类组成和数量没有明显差异,均以盘星藻、直链藻占优势,种类相似性水平较高,Jaccard指数在71.2%～83.3%之间变化,生物量在35.3～51.4mg/L之间变动。但在养殖中后期(7～10月),两者差异明显:(1)优势藻类不同,循环塘以小环藻、衣藻、隐藻和裸藻等占优势,而对照塘则以微囊藻、席藻等占优势,种类相似性水平较低,Jaccard指数在40.3%～62.1%之间变化;(2)两者浮游植物数量也存在差异,对照塘波动变化大,循环塘相对较小;(3)循环塘浮游植物的Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou指数均大于对照塘。聚类分析表明对照塘和循环塘群落相似性水平较低。表明该系统能够改变藻类组成,抑制微囊藻水华暴发,并能调控藻类数量,防止其过度繁殖,保持浮游植物多样性,使池塘生态系统更趋稳定,有利于水产养殖。The species composition, richness and biomass, community diversity, and similarity of communities of phytonplankton were studied from June to October 2006 in a recirculating aquaculture system which employed constructed wetlands to treat the wastewater and a control aquaculture system without adscititious water treating establishments. The results showed that the community structure of phytonplankton had no obvious difference among the fishponds of both systems in June, the initial stage of aquaculture. Their dominant species were Pediastrum sp. and Melosira sp. , and the species similar level of phytonplankton was relatively high, for the Jaccard index ranged from 71.2% to 83. 3%, and their biomass both was 35.3-51.4 mg/L. But from July to October, the mid and late stage of aquaculture,the community structure of phytonplankton in the ponds of different system was significantly dif- ferent. The dominant species were Cyclotalia sp. , Chlamydornonas sp. , Cryptornonas sp. and Euglena sp. in the ponds of the recirculating aquaculture system,while Microcystis sp. and Phorrnidiurn sp. were dominant species in the other,and their species similar level of phytonplankton was low, for the Jaccard index was 40. 3%-62. 1%. The richness and biomass of phytonplankton in the control system varied greatly,and its Shannon-Wiener index and the Pielou evenness index of phytonplankton were lower than those in the recirculating system. By clustering analysis, the level of the similarity of communities of phytonplankton was low. On the whole, according to the results above, it was concluded that the recirculating aquaculture system could change the algae composition, suppress Microcystis sp. exploding, regulate the richness of phytonplankton and prevent it from reproducing excessively, maintain phytonplankton multiplicity, and make the pond ecosystem become stable, so it was advantageous to the aquaculture.

关 键 词：浮游植物 群落特征 循环流水池塘养殖系统 人工湿地 

分 类 号：S917.1[农业科学—水产科学]