旱地地膜和秸秆双元覆盖栽培下小麦产量与水分效应  

Effects of wheat yield and water use under dual-mulching mode of plastic film and straw in the dryland farming

作　　者：党廷辉[1,2] 郭栋[2] 戚龙海[2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,杨凌712100

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2008年第10期20-24,共5页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2005CB121102);中国科学院重要方向项目(kzcx2-yw-424-2)

摘　　要：通过覆盖措施提高水分利用率对旱地农业生产具有重要意义。该文采用田间对比试验,研究了旱地冬小麦几种覆盖栽培下产量、水分利用率、土壤水分剖面和硝态氮的分布的差异。结果表明,地膜和秸秆双元覆盖模式下小麦籽粒产量比对照增产12.11%～17.65%,水分利用效率(WUE)比常规栽培提高7.2%～30.8%,土壤0～20 cm土层的含水量提高到12%～16%,硝态氮含量提高到4.70～10.17 mg/kg。地膜和秸秆双元覆盖模式能够显著的提高作物产量和水分利用率,并显著增加耕层土壤中水分含量和硝态氮含量,减轻了土壤剖面硝态氮的淋溶累积。It is very important to study the mulched measure for improving water use efficiency （WUE） in dryland farming. The effects of water, nitrogen fertilizer and yield on the dry farmland with different straw and plastic film mulching modes were studied in the field experiment from 1998 to 2003. The results show that, under the dual mulching mode of plastic film and straw, the grain yield increase by 12.11%-17.65%, the WUE increase by 7.2%-30.8%, the water content in arable layer increased to 12%-16%, and the nitrate nitrogen content in arable layer increase to 4.70-10.17 mg/kg. The dual mulching mode of plastic film and straw can remarkably increase crop yield and WUE. At the same time, it can remarkably increase the water content and the nitrate nitrogen content in arable layer, so nitrate leaching and accumulation in soil profile is alleviated.

关 键 词：双元覆盖 产量 水分利用效率 硝态氮累积 

分 类 号：S274.1[农业科学—农业水土工程]