北京公园绿地夏季温湿效应  

Temperature and humidity effect of urban green spaces in Beijing in summer

作　　者：刘娇妹[1] 李树华[2] 杨志峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室,北京100875 [2]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院,北京100094

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2008年第11期1972-1978,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30671718);国家重点基础发展计划资助项目(2005CB724204)

摘　　要：选取北京典型的城市园林绿地——元大都城垣遗址公园北段不同覆盖率的乔-灌-草、乔-草型复层结构的公园绿地作为研究对象,以草坪型绿地作为对照,从水平和立体空间两个角度进行测试,研究局部绿地的覆盖率、复层结构对环境的温湿效应。结果表明:在夏季高温时段,绿地的温度随覆盖率的增加而降低,当覆盖率达到或高于60%时,其绿地才具有明显的降温增湿效果;覆盖率较高的乔-灌-草复合型绿地给环境带来的温湿度的空间影响范围较大,乔-灌-草复合型绿地的降温增湿效应好于草坪。合理的绿化结构及植物配置能使城市园林绿地较好地发挥其夏季的降温增湿效应,有利于改善城市热环境、减缓城市热岛效应。In order to testify the environmental effect of urban green spaces with different coverage and multiple layer structure, three typical urban green spaces, i. e. , tree-shrub-herbage mixture, tree-herbage mixture, and lawn （treated as a control）, in Yuan Da-Du Park in Beijing were selected to measure their microclimate in summer. The air temperature and relative humidity above the green spaces were measured continuously in horizontal and vertical directions. The results showed that during the high temperature period in summer, the air temperature above the green spaces decreased with increasing coverage, but the significant ecological effects of the lowering temperature and increasing relative humidity were not observed until the coverage of the spaces was higher than 60%. The tree-shrub-herbage mixture with higher coverage brought about a wider range of temperature and humidity effect, and had a greater effect on lowering temperature and increasing humidity, compared with the lawn. Reasonable structure and composition of plant community could make the urban green spaces better exert their effects in decreasing temperature and increasing humidity in summer, and thus, be beneficial to the improvement of urban environment and the mitigation of urban heat island effect.

关 键 词：温湿效应 覆盖率 公园绿地 热岛效应 

分 类 号：S731[农业科学—林学]