不同氮肥施用模式下北方粳型超级稻物质生产特性分析  

Analysis of Matter Production Characteristics under Different Nitrogen Application Patterns of Japonica Super Rice in North China

作　　者：史鸿儒[1] 张文忠[1] 解文孝[1] 杨庆[1] 张振宇[1] 韩亚东[1] 徐正进[1] 陈温福[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学水稻研究所/农业部作物生理生态遗传育种重点开放实验室/辽宁省北方粳稻遗传育种重点实验室,辽宁沈阳110161

出　　处：《作物学报》2008年第11期1985-1993,共9页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD61A01-6);辽宁省教育厅重点实验室项目(20060753)

摘　　要：以北方粳型超级稻品种沈农265为试材,分析了4种不同施氮模式的群体叶蘖建成动态、物质生产特性及产量构成特点,探讨了不同施氮模式下物质生产特性对产量形成的影响。结果表明,各施氮模式均表现14.5kg667m-2施氮水平产量显著高于12.5kg667m-2施氮水平的产量,且14.5kg667m-2施氮水平各施氮模式增产都是因为增加了穗外因素(穗数、单位面积颖花数和单位面积实粒数),降低了穗内因素(穗重、千粒重、结实率、每穗总粒数和每穗实粒数)。在相同施氮总量下,"三段五次"和"稳前、攻中、优后"施氮模式产量显著高于"一头轰"和"长效一次性"施氮模式,但"三段五次"模式以提高单位面积穗数、单位面积实粒数等穗外因素来增产,而"稳前、攻中、优后"模式以增加穗重、千粒重等穗内因素来获得高产,前两者产量都显著高于后两者,主要是因为前两者抽穗后新增同化产物(同化物直接供应量)和抽穗前营养器官储存物质的二次利用量(同化物间接供应量)均高,营养器官的物质输出率和对产量的贡献率均高。此外,在2种施氮水平下,前两者的氮肥农学利用率、氮肥表观利用率和单位土地面积上的总吸氮量均显著高于其他施氮模式。在14.5kg667m-2施氮水平下,前两施氮模式都获得了超高产量(>11thm-2)。The japonica super rice in North China ‘Shennong 265＇ was used to study the tiller dynamics, the LAI dynamics, matter production characteristics, yield component characteristics and the effects of matter production characteristics on yield under four different nitrogen application patterns. The results showed that for each nitrogen application pattern, the yield under high nitrogen application （14.5 kg 667 m^-2） was significantly higher than that under low nitrogen level （12.5 kg 667 m^-2）. On yield component, the high yields under high nitrogen application patterns lay in the increase of factors ＇outside panicles＇ （number of panicles, number of spikelet per square meter, filled grains per square meter） and the decrease of factors ＂inside panicles＂ （weight per pani- cle, 1000-grain weight, seed setting rate, total number of grains per panicle, number of filled grains per panicle）. On the same nitrogen application level, the yields of ＇Five-time application in three periods＇ （FTATP） pattern and ‘Stable application at early stage large application at middle stage and satisfied application at late stage＇ （SELMSL） pattern were significantly higher than those of ‘All application at early stage＇ （AAES） pattern and ‘Slow-release fertilizer applied once at early stage＇ （SRFAOES） pattern. But the yield components of FTATP and SELMSL were different. FTATP increased yield by improving factors ‘outside panicles’, while SELMSL reached high yield by improving factors ‘inside panicles＇. The yields of FTATP and SELMSL were significantly higher than those of AAES and SRFAOES, which lay in the increase new assimilate after heading （assimilate supplying directly） and the secondary utilization of the matter accumulated in nutritorium before heading （assimilate supplying indirectly） under FTATP and SELMSL. And the matter output rate and contribution rate to the yield from nutritorium were higher than those under AAES and SRFAOES. Besides, with the two nitroge

关 键 词：粳型超级稻 施氮模式 超高产量 物质生产 产量结构 

分 类 号：S511.22[农业科学—作物学]