免耕高留茬抛秧稻的产量及若干生理特性研究  

Effect of Broadcasting Rice Seedlings in the Field with High Standing-Stubbles under No-tillage Condition on Yield and Some Physiological Characteristics

作　　者：任万军[1] 刘代银[1,2] 伍菊仙[1] 杨文钰[1] 樊高琼[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学,四川雅安625014 [2]四川省农业技术推广总站,四川成都610041

出　　处：《作物学报》2008年第11期1994-2002,共9页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家“十五”科技攻关计划“粮食丰产科技工程”项目(2004BA520A05);四川省科技攻关项目(04NG020-013)

摘　　要：通过与常耕插秧和抛秧的比较,分析了免耕高留茬抛秧分蘖消长、根系生长、籽粒灌浆和产量特性;同时研究了不同育秧方式和秧龄对免耕高留茬抛秧稻产量及产量构成的影响。结果表明,免耕高留茬抛秧分蘖缓慢,有效穗数较少。抽穗前植株发根力较低,但抽穗后10d植株发根力高于其他种植方式,抽穗后30d根系伤流强度显著高于常耕插秧和抛秧,后期植株衰老延缓。强势粒灌浆过程差异较小,但免耕高留茬抛秧延长了弱势粒灌浆时间,增加了弱势粒重,提高了单穗颖花数、籽粒充实率和千粒重。产量与其他处理差异不显著。在免耕与前作秸秆高留茬还田条件下,旱育带泥抛栽根多活力高,促进了水稻分蘖早生快发,比塑盘育秧抛栽极显著增产;3个抛栽秧龄中,以秧龄40d处理产量最高。In comparison with conventional tillage and transplanting （CTT） and conventional tillage and broadcasting seedlings （CTB）, the trend of tillering, growth of roots, characteristics of grain filling and yield for broadcasting seedlings in the field with high standing-stubbles under no-tillage condition （BSNT） were analyzed. Meanwhile, the effects of seedling raising methods and seedling age on the yield and yield components were studied. The results showed that, for BSNT, the speed of tilleting was slow, the effective panicles were less than those for CTT and CTB, 10 d after heading, the root growth ability was higher than that for CTT and CTB in BSNT. At 30 d after heading, intensity of root bleaching sap was significantly stronger in BSNT than in CTT and CTB, at late stage, the senescence of BSNT plant was deferred. According to the Richards equation, little difference of superior grains at filling stage was found among three tillage and cultivation methods, but for BSNT, the grain-filling time （t99） of inferior grains was prolonged, the weight of inferior grains was raised, spikelets of per ear, seed-setting rate, and 1000-grains weight were increased. There was little difference of yield among three tillage and cultivation methods. Under the condition of no-tillage and returning straw to soil with high standing-stubbles, the broadcasted seedlings with soil around roots and raising on dry land beds had more roots and higher root vigor, hastened the growth of tillers, its yield was significantly higher than that raising on plastic trays. Among three treatments of cast-seedling age, the yield in the treatment of 40 d was the highest.

关 键 词：水稻 免耕 抛秧 秸秆还田 产量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] TQ320.5[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]