海南岛新生代种子植物区系科的多样性分析  

Analysis of the Families of Cenozoic Spermatophytic Flora in Hainan Island

作　　者：金建华[1] 沈如江[1] 廖文波[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学生命科学学院有害生物控制与资源利用国家重点实验室,广州510275

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2008年第10期2125-2131,共7页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40672017);广东省自然科学基金项目(06023161)

摘　　要：根据化石及现代植物资料,海南岛第三纪种子植物有53科,其中古近纪已出现48科,新近纪降至25科,第四纪晚期有89科,现代增加至233科。区系地理成分分析结果表明,海南岛古近纪时,泛热带科占当时科总数的45.8%,热带-亚热带科占8.3%,亚热带-温带科占31.3%,其中出现了很多海南岛现代植物区系的表征科,如冬青科、壳斗科、金缕梅科、樟科、桃金娘科、罗汉松科、棕榈科、红树科、梧桐科和松科等,基本形成了现代海南岛植物区系的雏形。新近纪时由于全球气候变冷,本区植物区系组成大幅度减少,热带性质也明显减弱,其中泛热带分布的科仅占当时海南岛植物区系全部科的32.0%,热带-亚热带分布的科占12.0%,而亚热带-温带分布的科所占比例有所升高,达36.0%。第四纪晚期至现代,随着气候逐渐回暖,本区植物区系的热带性质逐渐加强。第四纪晚期泛热带科占当时科总数的49.4%,热带-亚热带科占12.4%,亚热带-温带科占19.1%,区系特征逐渐接近现代。现代海南种子植物区系中,泛热带分布科占科总数48.1%,热带-亚热带科占18.9%,亚热带-温带科占15.9%。总体上,海南岛第三纪早期的古近纪、第四纪晚期一直到现代均以泛热带分布的科占优势,而第三纪晚期的新近纪本区植物区系的热带性质较弱。整体上反映出海南岛新生代种子植物区系的演变特征与古近纪以来全球气候的变化有密切的联系。Based on the data of fossil and modern plants, we find 53 families of the spermatophytic flora in the Tertiary （48 families in the Palaeogene and 25 families in the Neogene） ,89 families in the late Quaternary,and 233 families now in Hainan Island. The floristie phytogeographical analysis show that in the Palaeogene, the proportion of the pantropical families of Hainan Island flora is 45.8 %, the tropical-subtrop- ical families is 8.3% ,and the subtropical-temperate families is 31.3%. Some typical families,for example, Aquifoliaceae, Fagaceae, Hamamelidaceae, Lauraceae, Myrtaeeae, Podocarpaceae, Palmae, Rhizophoraceae, Sterculiaceae and Pinaceae occurred consecutively and formed the rudiment of modern Hainan spermato- phytie flora. In the Neogene,the tropical elements of Hainan spermatophytie flora were decreased largely, the proportion of the pantropical families were down to 32.0% ,the tropical-subtropical families is 12.0%, and the subtropical-temperate families increased to 36.0 %. From late Quaternary to now, the tropical ele- ments of Hainan spermatophytic flora were obviously increased. In the late Quaternary, the proportion of the pantropical families increased to 49.4% ,the tropical-subtropical families increased to 12.4%, and the subtropical-temperate families were down to 19. 1%, and the total characters gradually approached the modern Hainan spermatophytic flora. However, now 48. 1% families of the Hainan spermatophytie flora are pantropical distribution, 18. 9~ are tropical-subtropical distribution,and 15.9~ are subtropical-tem- perate distribution. In the whole,the results indicates that the dominate families of Hainan flora in Palaeo- gene,late Quaternary and recent are the pantropical distribution,,but during the Neogene, the tropical char- acteristic of Hainan flora were not remarkable. The evolution of families of Cenozoic spermatophytie flora in Hainan Island closely correlated to the global climates changed since the Palaeogene.

关 键 词：海南岛 古近纪 新近纪 第四纪 新生代 植物区系 

分 类 号：Q948.5[生物学—植物学]