12种中国葱属植物的核型分析  

Karyotypes in Twelve Species of Genus Allium from China

作　　者：张宇澄[1] 何兴金[1] 王强[1] 邓小燕[1] 高云东[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学生命科学学院,成都610064

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2008年第10期2138-2143,共6页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30670146);国家自然科技资源平台资助项目(2005DKA21403)

摘　　要：采用细胞压片法,对采自中国西部的12种葱属植物的根尖有丝分裂中期进行了观察,其中天蓝韭(A.cya-neum)、梭沙韭(A.forrestii)、昌都韭(A.changduense)、西川韭(A.xichuanense)、野黄韭(A.rude)、野葱(A.chry-santhum)和真籽韭(A.eusperma)等7种植物的核型为首次报道。供试类群中,峨眉韭(A.omeiense)和多星韭(A.wallichii)的染色体基数分别为11和7,其余类群的染色体基数均为8。观察发现,随体杂合和多倍性现象在供试类群中很普遍。分析推测:(1)随体和倍性的变异在葱属某些类群的进化中可能起重要作用,随体的类型在葱属具有重要的分类意义;(2)多倍化和地下走茎的无性繁殖方式可能是天蓝韭(A.cyaneum)的进化策略;(3)西川韭(A.xichuanense)、野黄韭(A.rude)和野葱(A.chrysanthum)有密切的亲缘关系;(4)真籽韭(A.eusperma)与多籽组在核型上有密切的亲缘关系。Chromosome numbers and karyotypes of 12 species of genus Allium from Western China are re ported in this paper. Karyotypes of A. cyaneum, A. forrestii, A. changduense, A.xichuanense, A. rude, A.chrysanthum and A. eusperma are reported for the first time. The basic chromosome number is 8 in all species studied except A. omeiense （x = 11 ） and A. wallichii （x = 7）. Satellite heterozygosis and polyploidy is common in the genus. It is inferred that variations of satellite and ploidy should be important to the evolution of Alliurn. The results also show： （1）The types of satellite represents good characters for taxonomy; （2）The polyploidization and stoloniferous propagation may be the evolutional mechanism of A. cyaneurr,;（3） A. ：rickuanense,A. rude,A, chrysanthum are closely relative; （4）A. eusperma is closely related to sect. Moliurn.

关 键 词：葱属 核型 进化 

分 类 号：Q343.22[生物学—遗传学]