幼儿普通话声调辨别词表的设计  

The Initial Design of Mandarin Word Lists of Tone Discrimination for Young Children

作　　者：曹永茂[1] 华清泉[1] 陶泽璋[1] 王志恺[2] 吴展元[1] 黄治物[1] 李骏[1] 常伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学人民医院耳鼻咽喉-头颈外科,武汉430060 [2]宁夏人民医院耳鼻咽喉科

出　　处：《听力学及言语疾病杂志》2008年第6期473-476,共4页Journal of Audiology and Speech Pathology

基　　金：湖北省卫生厅科研基金资助项目(编号JX3B16)

摘　　要：目的编制一套幼儿普通话声调测试词表,并对其进行初步测试评价。方法①参考幼儿早期言语发展相关文献及公开发行的幼儿读物,选择幼儿日常生活中较为熟知的词汇,并设计常用词问卷对小儿家长、幼教老师等进行调查,确定基础词库;②从音素平衡、声调组成、图片表意等方面考虑,筛选出64个含单音节词及双音节词组成《声调测试词表》,该词表分为音素组成完全匹配的两个部分;③用图片代表部分词表用字让小儿熟悉测试内容后,标准普通话口语给声,采取听说复述法对20名2～3岁幼儿的声调辨别率进行开放项测试,由听力师、小儿亲属及幼教老师共同判断小儿的辨别结果;④计算小儿对该词表的声调辨别率,并比较其对词表中两配对部分的辨别情况。结果①初步制成了含单音节词28个、双音节词36个的幼儿普通话声调测试词表;②词表分成两配对部分后,有一定的同质性。结论编制的幼儿普通话声调测试词表有较合理的原则和内部结构,可以用于评估幼儿普通话声调辨别。Objective To establish a mandarin word list of tone discrimination for young children, and to report the initial study of its application. Methods ① Based on the collection of relevant literatures and children books, those words familiar to young children were selected to formulate a questionnaire. A basic word library was subsequently set up after the consultation with teachers and family members. ②We then established a tone test list containing 64 Chinese monosyllable and spondee words with a phoneme balance, tone composition and representative pictures, etc. The list can be separated into two matching parts in phoneme balance. ③Train the subjects familiar with the test content using pictures representing words in the list. Deliver sounds of standard oral mandarin to judge tone discrimination rates of 20 normal young children. The word list test was open and the results were judged jointly by the auditory researcher, the examinee＇s family members and speech training teachers. ④To calculate tone discrimination rates of these examinees, and to compare their performance on the two parts which need homogenicity estimation. Results We formulated tone test list for young children that contains 28 Chinese monosyllable words and 36 spondee words. The list＇s two matching parts have demonstrated a good homogenicity. Conclusion The list is built on a reasonable framework, and can be used to evaluate the abilities of young children＇s tone discrimination.

关 键 词：幼儿 汉语/普通话 声调辨别 词表 

分 类 号：R767.92[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]