小麦秸秆还田条件下轻简栽培水稻的生长特性  

Growth Characteristics of Rice under Simplified Cultivation with Wheat Residue Return

作　　者：张洪熙[1] 赵步洪[1] 杜永林[2] 谭长乐[1] 戴正元[1] 季红娟[1] 王宝和[1] 周长海[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所,江苏扬州225007 [2]江苏省农林厅,江苏南京210036

出　　处：《中国水稻科学》2008年第6期603-609,共7页Chinese Journal of Rice Science

基　　金：国家农业科技成果转化基金资助项目(2007GB2C1001107);江苏省农业科学院科研基金资助项目[院(2004)6210454];江苏省农业三项工程项目[SX(2005)016]

摘　　要：以粳稻品种扬辐粳8号作试验材料,设小麦秸秆还田处理,以秸秆不还田作对照,进行直播、机械插秧、抛秧,并对水稻物质生产、产量形成及有关生理指标进行了分析。与秸秆不还田相比,秸秆还田处理穗数均有所下降,每穗粒数、结实率和千粒重均有所增加,产量均显著提高;各生育期的茎蘖数均明显降低。光合势、叶面积指数和干物质积累抽穗前低于秸秆不还田,抽穗后则相反;各生育期的根冠比均较高。抽穗期高效叶面积、高效叶比例以及粒叶比均较大,结实期茎鞘中贮存的碳水化合物的输出率及转换率以及收获指数明显大于秸秆不还田。结实期根系活力、伤流液、光合速率和ATP酶活性均高于秸秆不还田。阐明了秸秆还田轻简栽培水稻的生育特性和增产效应。同时,对秸秆还田水稻高产的生理原因进行了讨论,并提出秸秆还田水稻的关键调控技术。With japonica rice Yangfujing 8 as material, dry matter production, yield formation and the related physiological traits of rice under simplified cultivations （direct seeding, mechanical transplanting and parachute transplanting） with wheat residue return and wheat residue removal were investigated. Compared with the rice plants under wheat residue removal, the panicle number of rice plants under wheat residue return was decreased slightly, whereas the number of grains per panicle, seed-setting rate and 1000-grain weight were all increased, leading to a significant increase in grain yield. Under wheat residue return, number of stems and tillers of rice was much lower at all the growth stages, and the photosynthetic potential, leaf area index and dry matter accumulation were lower before the heading stage but higher after heading stage than those under wheat residue removal. For rice plants under wheat residue return, the root-shoot ratio was higher at all the growth stages, and the high efficient leaf area and its ratio to total leaf area at the heading stage, the grain-leaf ratio, the exportation and transportation rates of carbohydrates stored in stems and sheaths and the harvest index were all higher than those for rice plants under wheat residue removal. Moreover, the root activity, root bleeding, photosynthetic rate and ATPase activity in grains of rice plants under wheat residue return were also higher than those of rice plants under wheat residue removal during grain filling stage. The physiological causes of highielding rice under wheat residue return were discussed, and the key regulatory approaches under wheat residue return in rice were put forward.

关 键 词：水稻 秸秆还田 生长发育 轻简栽培 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]