东乡野生稻种子生物学特性研究  

A Study on the Seed Biologic Characteristics of Dongxiang Wild Rice

作　　者：皮勇华 罗赣丰 肖叶青 李德荣[3] 余丽琴 罗世友 胡兰香 陈大洲 

机构地区：[1]江西省农科院水稻研究所,江西南昌330200 [2]江西农业职业工程学院,江西樟树331200 [3]江西农业大学农学院,江西南昌330045

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2008年第5期773-777,共5页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划子课题资助项目(2006BAD13B01-13)

摘　　要：对东乡野生稻的种子形态(谷粒、米粒)特征,谷壳和果皮的构造,种子休眠性、种子吸水量和种子萌发特性等进行研究。结果表明,种子形态,长宽比大于3.5,千粒重20 g,谷色黑褐色,芒长5.42 cm,米粒长7.15 mm,长宽比3.3,米色呈虾皮色,无腹白,玻璃质,直链淀粉含量24%,蛋白质含量10.8%。种子休眠性强,可达7个月之久,与谷壳结构密切相关,其谷壳外的硅质细胞层厚和谷壳内的蜡质层厚。种子萌动发芽的最低需水量为20%;种子萌动的最低温度为8℃;种子发芽后可在(6±0.5)℃下生长,2 d增长1.24%;10 d可增长12.24%。成熟种子播入土水中,在自然条件下日平均温度12.3℃,日最高温度16.5℃以上,开始萌动发芽,在室内条件下,日平均温度15℃,日最高温度16℃开始种子萌动发芽,但前者比后者提早5 d萌动发芽,发芽率比后者少10.4%,日最高温度比平均温度对种子萌动影响较大。The study focused on the seed （grain, brown rice） morphology, structure of hull and bran, seed dormancy, seed water absorption and seed germination. The result showed that： the ratio of length to width of grain was more than 3.5 ; weight of 1 000 - grain was 20 g; seed color was black - brown; length of awn was 5.42 cm;length of brown rice was 7.15mm and ratio of length to width was 3.3 ;brown rice had no chalkiness and the color was like that of shrimp shell; amylase content was 24% ; protein content was 10.8% ; seed dormancy was strong with a dormat period of 7 months which was related with the structure of hull, in which the silicic cell layer outside hull and wax cell layer inside hull were thick. The minimum water content and lowest temperature for seed germination was 20% and 8 ℃, respectively. Germinated seed might grow under the temperature of （6 ± 0.5 ） ℃, the length of its bud increased 1.24% within 2 days and 12.24% within 10 days. The ripe seed sowed in the mud would initially induce to germinate when the daily mean temperature was 12.3℃. 15.0 ℃ and daily highest temperature was 16.5 ℃ ,16.0 ℃ ,respectively ,under natural environmentand indoor environment, whereas, the date of seed germination under outdoor condition was 5 days earlier than that of indoor and the rate of germination was 10. 40% lower.

关 键 词：东乡野生稻 种子特性 生物学温度 

分 类 号：S511.01[农业科学—作物学]