颗粒物质的堵塞行为  

Jamming of granular matter

作　　者：欧阳鸿武[1] 黄誓成[1] 彭政[2] 王琼[1] 刘卓民[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南大学粉末冶金国家重点实验室,长沙410083 [2]中南大学物理科学与技术学院,长沙410083

出　　处：《粉末冶金材料科学与工程》2008年第5期260-268,共9页Materials Science and Engineering of Powder Metallurgy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(50574103和10476034)

摘　　要：在无序状态体系中形成了屈服应力或者是当应力的驰豫时间超过实验时间尺度时就会形成堵塞(jamming)。近年来,堵塞行为已成为颗粒物质研究中的一个热点和难点问题。文内概述了颗粒物质堵塞的基本概念和临近堵塞的行为特征(如颗粒间应力的形成和分布特征、颗粒构形和密度),以及相关实验和数值模拟研究得出的重要结论。有关颗粒物质堵塞行为的研究,对探明颗粒物质的本质特征,非晶相变机制,以及人流、物流、交通流、信息流中的瓶颈效应等重大问题的解决将产生积极的推动作用。Jamming occurs when a system develops a yield stress. Jamming is one of the most fundamental subjects in the research of granular matter which has attracted significant attention. The present paper summarized the basic conception of jamming and important conclusions of experimental and model research for granular matter, and focused on the research progress in classification of the jammed systems, critical behaviors near the jamming transition and common jamming phenomenon. Further investigation on the jamming of granular matter, which is of profound practice and scientific interest, may promote the development of the essential characteristics of granular matter, traffic flows and non-equilibrium systems, etc.

关 键 词：颗粒物质 堵塞 堆积 密度 

分 类 号：TF123.1[冶金工程—粉末冶金]