副突变及其发生机制和演化意义  

Paramutation,its mechanism and evolutionary significance

作　　者：张平[1] 邢万金[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学生命科学学院生物系,呼和浩特010021

出　　处：《生命的化学》2008年第5期646-649,共4页Chemistry of Life

基　　金：内蒙古自治区高等学校科学研究项目资助(NJ05026)资助

摘　　要：上世纪50年代科学家首次在玉米中发现副突变(paramutation),后来陆续在其他生物体中也发现了这种现象。副突变是一种不符合孟德尔遗传法则的遗传模式。近来运用现代分子生物学技术研究表明,RNA是副突变发生的基础机制,涉及表观遗传(epigenetic inheritance)调控及染色体结构的动态变化。副突变的演化有着重要的生物学意义,了解副突变将有助于农作物的改良及人类遗传疾病的治疗。本文综述了副突变的研究进展,以期为相关的教学和研究整理资料。Paramutation was firstly discovered in maize in the 1950s, and then this phenomenon was observed in other organisms. Unlike the classical mutation in genetics, paramutation is an inherited model that deviates from Mendelian law. Recently, a series of researches revealed that RNA was involved in the basic mechanisms of paramutation, in which it might regulate the epigenetic inheritance and dynamic change of the chromosome structures. Furthermore, paramutation had an important evolutionary significance and elucidation of its molecular mechanisms would contribute to improving the crop quality and treatment of human inherited diseases. This review summarized the archive and progresses of the paramutation study.

关 键 词：副突变 RNA 异染色质 

分 类 号：Q3[生物学—遗传学]