中国0～14岁肢体残疾儿童致残原因分析  

Research on the causes of physical disabilities among children aged 0-14, in China

作　　者：刘民[1] 栾承[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学医学部公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系、教育部流行病学重点实验室,100191

出　　处：《中华流行病学杂志》2008年第11期1083-1086,共4页Chinese Journal of Epidemiology

基　　金：第二次全国残疾人抽样调查国家级课题资助项目（感谢第二次全国残疾人抽样调查办公室给予本课题的资助,感谢中国残疾人联合会和第二次全国残疾人抽样调查领导小组的领导及工作人员对本课题的支持和协助,感谢北京大学人口研究所郑晓瑛教授和陈功副教授对本课题的指导）

摘　　要：目的了解中国0～14岁肢体残疾儿童的致残原因现状及近20年来该人群主要致残原因的变化。方法对2006年和1987年两次全国残疾人抽样调查结果中，0～14岁肢体残疾儿童致残原因的调查数据进行流行病学特征分析和比较。结果2006年中国0～14岁儿童肢体残疾的主要致残原因类别为先天性疾病及发育障碍、伤害因素、其他因素和疾病因素，致残专率分别为0．257％、0．066％、0．055％和0．041％。脑性瘫痪所致肢体残疾的致残专率最高，为0．129％。与1987年调查结果相比，先天性疾病及发育障碍的致残专率显著上升，疾病因素和其他因素的致残专率显著下降。2006年中国0～14岁儿童肢体残疾的前五位致残原因分别是脑性瘫痪、发育畸形、其他外伤、其他先天性或发育障碍以及其他原因；1987年前五位致残原因分别是其他原因、小儿麻痹症、发育畸形、其他外伤和不明原因。两次调查的分年龄组及分性别的前五位致残原因分别与两次调查的0～14岁肢体残疾儿童的致残原因构成顺位基本相同。结论先天性疾病及发育障碍是我国0～14儿童肢体残疾的主要致残原因，脑性瘫痪致残专率最高；伤害因素逐渐成为我国0～14儿童肢体残疾的主要致残原因。Objective To understand the present situation and the changes on causes of physical disabilities among children aged 0-14 years for the past 20 years in China. Methods Data on children with physical disabilities aged 0-14 years from The China National Sample Survey on Disability in 2006 and 1987,were analyzed and compared. Results The categories on the causes of children with physical disabilities aged 0-14 could be grouped as： congenital diseases and eccyliosis, with injury factors, other factors and disease factors. The specific causing-disability rates were 0. 257 %, 0. 066 %, 0. 055 % and 0. 041% respectively. Cerebral palsy rated the highest specific causing-disability as 0. 129% in all of the causes. Compared with 1987, the specific causing-disability rate of congenital diseases and eccyliosis had an obvious increase while the rates of disease factors and other factors showed a substantial decrease. The top five causes of children with physical disabilities aged 0-14 years in China were cerebral palsy, deformity, other kinds of traumas, congenital diseases and eccyliosis in 2006. Other causes, postpoliomyelitis muscular atrophy, deformity,other kinds of traumas and unknown causes were the top five in 1987. The age-specific top five causes were basically the same as the total top five causes of children aged 0-14 years with physical disabilities in 1987 and 2006 ,so as the same relationship between sex-specific top five causes and total top five. Conclusion Congenital diseases and eccyliosis were the main causes of 0-14 year-old children with physical disabilities, and cerebral palsy had the highest specific causing-disability rate while injury factors gradually became the major one.

关 键 词：肢体残疾 儿童 0~14岁 致残原因 致残专率 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]