高功率微波源用阴极材料的研究现状  

Research Status of Cathode Materials Used in High Power Microwave

作　　者：钟文丽[1] 白书欣[1] 陈忠道[1] 杨盛良[1] 

机构地区：[1]国防科学技术大学航天与材料工程学院,长沙410073

出　　处：《材料导报》2008年第11期38-42,共5页Materials Reports

摘　　要：高功率微波(High power microwave,HPM)技术中最关键的技术是阴极材料技术,阴极材料的性能决定着高功率微波的输出功率。综述了目前所用的阴极材料的研究现状,主要分析对比了几种爆炸发射阴极材料的发射机制以及优缺点:以尖端场增强为发射机制的金属阴极由于熔点低、等离子体闭合速率快等问题,在高功率微波源技术中的应用受到了限制;天鹅绒的发射机制为表面闪烙点火,最大的缺点是阴极寿命短;碳纤维阴极不仅有尖端处的场发射,而且存在侧面的表面闪烙过程,高重复频率及长寿命的碳纤维阴极是目前研究的热点,热电离阴极发射电流密度有待提高;铁电阴极在HPM源中极具发展潜力。Cathode material is the key technology of the high power microwave （HPM） ; its properties determines the export power of HPM. This paper summarizes the research status of the cathode materials, and analyzes the emission mechanism of the explosive emission cathodes, including the advantages and disadvantages of the cathodes. The results show that metal cathodes whose emission mechanism is field enhancement of the tips have the problems of fast plasma closing speed and low melting points, so it does not have many applications in high power microwave technology. The emission mechanism of the velvet cathodes is flashover on the surface, its most serious disadvantage is short lifespan. The carbon fiber cathodes not only have the emission mechanism of field enhancement of the tips, but also the emission mechanism of flashover on the surface. The carbon fibers which have the characteristics of high repeating frequency and long lifespan is the priority in research areas. Thermoionic cathodes should solve the problem of low emission current density, while the ferroelectric cathodes are potential in the development of the high power microwave.

关 键 词：高功率微波技术 阴极材料 爆炸发射 

分 类 号：TN015[电子电信—物理电子学] TM911.4[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]