施氮量和花后土壤含水量对小麦旗叶衰老及粒重的影响  

Effects of nitrogen application rate and post-anthesis soil moisture content on the flag leaf senescence and kernel weight of wheat

作　　者：赵长星[1,2] 马东辉[1] 王月福[1] 林琪[1] 

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学农学与植物保护学院,山东青岛266109 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2008年第11期2388-2393,共6页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30471026);博士后科学基金项目(20080430567);国家粮食科技丰产工程资助项目(2006BAD02A00)

摘　　要：在防雨池栽培条件下,研究了施氮量和花后土壤含水量对小麦旗叶衰老和粒重的影响.结果表明:各氮肥处理下,小麦旗叶SPAD值、可溶性蛋白质含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和光合速率(Pn)均表现为:花后土壤含水量60%～70%处理>80%～90%处理>40%～50%处理,小麦旗叶丙二醛(MDA)含量表现为:花后土壤含水量40%～50%处理>80%～90%处理>60%～70%处理,表明花后土壤含水量过高或过低均可导致小麦旗叶早衰,影响籽粒灌浆,降低粒重.在花后相同土壤含水量条件下,旗叶SPAD值、可溶性蛋白质含量、SOD活性、CAT活性和Pn均随施氮量的增加而升高,MDA含量随施氮量的增加而降低,表明增施氮肥可以延缓小麦旗叶衰老,但过量施用氮肥则不利于小麦粒重的提高,尤其是在花后土壤缺水的情况下,施用过多氮肥可导致小麦粒重下降.在小麦生产中可以将施用氮肥和控制花后土壤水分含量相结合,延缓小麦植株衰老,提高粒重.A rain-proof pool culture experiment was conducted to study the efl＇ects of nitrogen （N） application rate and post-anthesis soil moisture content on the flag leaf senescence and kernel weight of wheat. The results indicated that in all N fertilization treatments, the flag leaf SPAD value, soluble protein content, SOD and CAT activities, and photosynthetic rate decreased in the order of 60% -70% 〉80%-90% 〉40%-50% post-anthesis soil moisture content, while the MDA content decreased in reverse order, suggesting that over high or low post-anthesis soil moisture content could cause the early senescence of flag leaves, impact grain filling, and decrease kernel weight. Under the same post-anthesis soil moisture content, the SPAD value, soluble protein content, SOD and CAT activity, and photosynthetic rate increased, while the MDA content decreased with increasing N application rate, indicating that increased N fertilization could postpone the senescence of wheat flag leaves. However, over N application was not favorable to the increase of kernel weight, especially under the condition of post-anthesis soil moisture deficiency. It was concluded that appropriate N application and post-anthesis soil moisture content control could postpone the plant senescence and increase the kernel weight of wheat.

关 键 词：小麦 施氮量 土壤含水量 衰老 粒重 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]