低温生活污水处理系统中耐冷菌的筛选及动力学研究  

Selection and Kinetic Mechanism of Psychrotrophs in Low Temperature Wastewater Treatment

作　　者：贲岳[1] 陈忠林[1] 徐贞贞[1] 齐飞[1] 叶苗苗[1] 沈吉敏[1] 姜安玺[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学市政环境工程学院,哈尔滨150090

出　　处：《环境科学》2008年第11期3189-3193,共5页Environmental Science

基　　金：哈尔滨市科技攻关计划项目(2003AA4CS122);黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(E01-22)

摘　　要：对长期在4℃条件下运行的生活污水处理系统中活性污泥的菌群组成进行分析鉴定,探讨了菌群降解低温污水中有机污染物的动力学过程.试验分离得到6株优势耐冷菌,分别隶属于动胶菌属、气单胞菌属、黄杆菌属、微球菌属、芽孢杆菌属、假单胞菌属.4℃时混合耐冷菌脱氢酶活性为25.44 mg/(L.h),比普通活性污泥高出了20.5倍.耐冷菌在中低温条件下对有机物的降解效果较稳定,COD的去除率分别为80.9%和73.4%,而中温菌在低温条件下基本丧失代谢能力.混合菌群降解COD的动力学分析表明:耐冷菌在中低温条件下和中温菌在中温条件下的COD降解过程均符合一级反应动力学模型.耐冷菌保持了与中温菌基本相同的反应速率,且具有比中温菌更宽的温度适应范围.采用固定化技术把高效耐冷菌固定到软性聚氨酯泡沫填料上,可以使高适应性的耐冷菌更有效地去除低温生活污水中的有机污染物,COD的去除率比未固定化耐冷菌提高了约18个百分点,其降解过程也符合一级反应动力学模型,以葡萄糖作为碳源配水时,固定化耐冷菌的反应速率比未固定菌提高了2.35倍.本实验条件下,采用固定化耐冷菌处理不同碳源配水时,其出水COD均达到一级B排放标准.A study was carried out taking low temperature domestic wastewater as target in laboratory, the composition of bacteria in activated sludge was analyzed and the degradation kinetics of organics was investigated. Six preponderant psychrotrophs were selected out, belonging to Zoogloea, Aeromonas, Flavobacterium, Micrococcus, Bacillus and Pseudomonas, respectively. Results show that TTC-dehydrogenase activity of the psychrotroph is 25.44 mg/（L·h） which is 20.5 times more than that of ordinary activated sludge at 4℃. The efficiency of COD biodegradation by psychrotrophs at low and normal temperature is 80.9 % and 73.4 %, respectively. Mesophilic bacteria almost lost their activity at low temperature. Kinetic analysis shows that biodegradation of organics by psychrotrophs at low and mesothermal temperature as well as mesophilic bacteria at mesothermal temperature are in accordance with the model of first-order reaction. Psychrotrophs, which assure the removal efficiency of organic pollutants at low and normal temperature, could keep the uniform reaction velocity as the mesophilic bacteria and also adapt wide ecological amplitude of temperature. Efficient psychrotrophs were immobilized on soft polyurethane foams which acted as carriers in the experiment at 4℃, as a result of that, the removal efficiency of COD was increased about 18% higher than that of mobilized ones at low temperature, the biodegradation kinetics of COD by immobilized psychrotrophs also followed the first-order reaction model. With glucose in water as the source of nutriment, the reaction velocity of immobilized bacteria is 2.35 times higher than that of the mobilized ones. By the immobilized psychrotrophs biodegradation of varied nutriment, the effluent could achieve the first-degree B of pollutants discharge standard for municipal wastewater treatment plant.

关 键 词：低温 耐冷菌 动力学 污水处理 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X172