建筑火灾烟气迁移特性研究及排烟设计  

The research of smoke transfer characteristic in building fires and smoke exhaust design

作　　者：方廷勇[1,2] 章涛林[1] 夏良[1] 桑志远[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽建筑工业学院,安徽合肥230022 [2]中国科学技术大学火灾科学国家重点实验室,安徽合肥230026

出　　处：《消防科学与技术》2008年第11期795-799,共5页Fire Science and Technology

基　　金：安徽省优秀青年基金(08040106821);安徽自然科学基金(070415219);中国科学技术大学开放课题(HZ2006-KF12);安徽省教育厅自然基金(KJ2007A111ZC);安徽建筑工业学院博士启动基金(2006120120)

摘　　要：在火灾烟气迁移和机械加压补风的理论研究基础上,基于FDS火灾模拟软件的大涡模拟(LES)及Smagorinsky亚格子尺度模型对某大学宿舍楼进行实体建模。危害性气体CO在水平方向上的体积分数演变非常相近,火源处产生的危害性气体成分能够沿着水平方向传播到远距离处而自身体积分数的变化很小,CO的体积分数峰值随高度呈现明显的阶梯变化。数值模拟结果证明,火灾中大量的人员都死于远距离处的主要原因可能是吸入了大量迎面而来的(而不是身后面赶上的)烟气中危害性气体CO,由此对建筑防火结构设计中针对高层建筑火灾烟气迁移问题提出了改进意见。On the fouridation of theoretical research of fire smoke transfer and mechanical wind-supply, modeling the dormitory building based on FDS large eddy simulation（LES） and Smagorinsky Sub-grid scale model. The harmful gas CO concentration changed similar in the horizontal direction, the products of harmful gas composition can spread to the long distance along the horizontal direction and own concentration little changed, CO concentration peak changed ladder-like with the height significantly. From the numerical simulation results, it had been proved that why a large number of staff have died in the long-distance. The main reason may be that people inhaled a lot of the on-coming （not coming back） harmful gas CO and proposed improvements of the structural design of building fire against high-rise building fire smoke migration issues.

关 键 词：火灾 FDS 烟气迁移 排烟设计 

分 类 号：X913[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TU972[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论]