小麦冬前生长期气象条件对冻害的影响  

Effects of Meteorological Condition of Wheat at Growth Stage before Winter on Freezing Injury

作　　者：商兆堂[1] 蒋名淑[2] 夏瑛[1] 吕道洲 蒯军[4] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省气象局,江苏南京210008 [2]江苏省苏州市气象局,江苏苏州215021 [3]江苏省盐都区气象局,江苏盐城224002 [4]江苏省滨海县气象局,江苏滨海224002

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2008年第30期13077-13079,共3页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：江苏省科技厅社会发展项目(BS2006554)

摘　　要：[目的]通过不同小麦品种不同播种期种植试验,研究里下河地区小麦冬前气象条件对冬后冻害程度的影响。[方法]主要采用农业气象试验和统计方法,选择里下河地区的当家品种扬麦158、苏麦6号、宁麦9号进行种植试验并对其结果进行统计分析。[结果]同样气象条件下,不同品种冻害影响程度不一样,差异较大。冬前的温、光、水等气象条件都与冬后的冻害程度相关显著,尤其是出苗到越冬期间更明显。10月20日～11月4日播种,穗粒结构相对随播种期变化波动较小,产量较高。[结论]江苏省里下河腹地的小麦常年播种期安排在10月20日～11月4日,以适当迟播为宜;加强灾害影响和救灾措施研究,在栽培管理上做到适期播种,施足基肥和苗肥,培育壮苗越冬,做好以施好腊肥为主的冬季田间管理工作,提高植株的抗逆性,对减轻灾害影响的程度、提高产量和品质极为重要。[ Objective ] Through planting test on different wheat varieties and sowing dates, the effects of meteorological condition of wheat at growth stage before winter on the degree of freezing injury were studied. [ Method ] By using the agrometeorologieal test and statistical method, Yangmai 158, Yangmai 158 and Sumai No.6 and Ningmai No.9 in Lixiahe Area were selected,and the results were analyzed. [Result] Different caltivars showed different freezing injury degrees under the same meteorological condition. There were significant correlation between the meteorological conditions before winter and the freezing injury grade after winter, especially flora seedling emergency to overwintering stage. Sowing from 20th October to 4th November, panicle-spikelet strcture relatively showed small fluctuation with high yield. [Conclusion] Wheat sowing date was from 20th October to 4th November in Lixiahe Area. The study on disaster influencing and disaster relief measures should be strengthened. Proper seeding, enough basal dressing and seedling fertilizer, cuhivating strong overwintering seedlings should be conducted as well as good field management in winter and improving plant stress resistance. These were important for reducing the disaster influence grade, improving yield and quality.

关 键 词：小麦 气象条件 冻害 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]