几种常见截面形式的水锤波速及其影响因素的分析  

Analysis of Water-hammer Wave Velocity in Power Tunnels with Different Cross-sections and Their Affecting Factors

作　　者：张祖莲[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南工业大学电力工程学院,昆明650051

出　　处：《云南水力发电》1997年第4期40-45,共6页Yunnan Water Power

摘　　要：研究水电站引水系统的水锤现象。无论对引水道的设计还是运行都具有重要意义。前人对水锤波传播理论的研究推导出了圆形管道截面及方（矩）形薄壁管的波速表达式，但随着有压引水道多种截面型式的出现，这些表达式就远远不能满足要求。目前，对非圆形截面，一般都参照圆形截面的水锤波速，进行分析计算，这必然影响水锤压力及水力共振计算结果的准确性。因此，本文采用结构力学方法及有限元方法，绘制出一组波速曲线；并在分析各种影响因素的基础上，绘出了常见引水道截面型式的波速范围。The study of water - hammer phenomena in a power tunnel of a hydropower station playsan importyant role in both design and operation of a powr tunnel. The expression of water - hammerwave Velocity in a ciroular or a square or a rectangular cross - section tunnel was derived from thestudy of the water - hammer wave propagation theory long time ago - However, with development of anumber of cross - sections of a pressure power tunnel, these expressions are far from meeting the requirement. At present, the water - hammer wave velocity in a power tunnel with a non - circularcross- section is usually analysed and calculated based on that in a power tunnel with a circularcross - section. This definitely affects the accuracy of both waer hammer pressure and hydraulic resonance calculation resuLlts. For this reason, this paper presents a set of wave velocity curves usingthe structural mechanics method and the finite element method, and also plots the limit curves of thewater - hammer wave velocities in a power tunnel with different cross - sections on the basis of analysis of the various affecting factors.

关 键 词：水锤 水锤波速 水电站 波速不定性 引水系统 

分 类 号：TV134[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学] TV353