新疆卡拉麦里山保护区鹅喉羚的社群结构  

Social structure of goitered gazelles(Gazella subgutturosa) in Kalamaili Mountain Nature Reserve,Xinjiang

作　　者：乔建芳[1,2] 杨维康[1] 徐文轩[1,2] 刘伟[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《兽类学报》2008年第4期353-357,共5页Acta Theriologica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向资助项目(KZCX3-SW-343)

摘　　要：2005年11月至2007年5月,在新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类保护区对鹅喉羚的社群结构进行了初步研究。将其集群划分为雌性群、雄性群、亚成体群、独羚、雌雄混合群和不明群6种类型。共统计鹅喉羚564群,总计3186只。春季鹅喉羚以雄性群居多（45.7%）;夏秋两季则以雌性群为主（52.9%和70.4%）;冬季以混合群居多（60%）。卡方独立性检验表明,四个季节间三种社群类型的百分比组成差异显著（x^2=68.45,P〈0.01）,受繁殖周期和季节变化影响。鹅喉羚集群大小范围为1-95只,其中3只群出现最多（20.0%）;2-5只的群占54.3%;6-10只的群占23.1%;11-20只的群占9.2%;〉20只的群占2.3%。春夏秋冬四季平均群大小分别为（4.45±4.07;4.94±4.20;6.66±10.12;6.0±5.66）,其中春季平均集群大小分别与秋季和冬季差异显著。We studied the social structure of goitered gazelles （Gazella subgutturosa） in Kalamaili Mountain Nature Reserve, northern Xinjiang, China, from November 2005 to May 2007. We observed 564 gazelle groups （3186 individuals）, and classified these into 6 types： female, male, sub-adults, solitary animals,mixed, and unidentified groups. In spring, male groups were the most frequent type observed, accounting for 44.68%. In summer and autumn, female groups the common type observed, accounting for 52.99% and 70.4%. In winter, mixed groups were most commonly observed, accounting for 60%. The frequency with which we observed social groups varied by season （x^2= 68.45, P〈0.01）. Group sizes varied from 1 to 95 individuals. Groups with 1-5 individuals, 6-10 individuals, 11-20 individuals and 〉 20 individuals accounted for 65.78%, 23.1%, 9.2%, 2.3% of observations. The most frequenly observed group size was 3 individuals group （20.2%）. Mean group size was 4.45±4.07 in spring, 4.94±4.20 in summer, 6.66±10.12 in autumn, and 6.0±5.66 in winter. Group size in spring was autumn and winter.

关 键 词：鹅喉羚 社群 集群大小 社群类型 卡拉麦里山 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]