细鳞裂腹鱼胚胎和卵黄囊仔鱼的发育  

Development of embryo and yolk-sac larva of Schizothorax chongi

作　　者：陈礼强[1] 吴青[2] 郑曙明[2] 刘法江[2] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学动物科技学院,重庆400716 [2]西南大学荣昌校区水产系,重庆402460

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2008年第6期927-934,共8页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：重庆市科委自然科学基金项目(KJ050211)

摘　　要：对人工繁殖的细鳞裂腹鱼(Schizothorax chongi)胚胎和卵黄囊仔鱼的发育过程进行了连续观察。在水温(17±1)℃下,胚胎发育历时124h后孵出仔鱼,孵出9d后仔鱼鳔充气并开始平游;从受精卵到孵化出膜所需要的平均积温为2108.00h℃。根据对细鳞裂腹鱼胚胎发育外部形态及典型特征的观察与分析,将其胚胎发育分为受精卵期、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠胚期、神经胚期和器官形成期6个阶段,共25个发育时期,描述了各发育时期的特征。分析发现,在裂腹鱼亚科中,细鳞裂腹胚胎和仔鱼发育速度较快,特别是在肌肉效应期以后更加明显;心跳频率并不是简单的由慢到快的线性增长,而是一个快慢相间的曲线变化的过程;胚胎发育的各个时期对环境的敏感性不同,原肠期对外界环境变化最为敏感。Schizothorax chongi, which is one of the most important economical cold water fish, distributed in China uniquely. In recent decades, because of the deterioration of ecological enviroments and excessive catching, the resources of Schizothorax chongi declined sharply. Now, this species has become an endangered fish and listed as the state-protected rare species.In order to protect and exploit it reasonally, the propagation for artificially domesticated brood were researched in the past 5 years. The fertilized eggs were obtained by injecting exterior hormone into the parent female fish and using artificial propagating technology. The development of embryo and yolk-sac larva ofSchizothorax chongi were observed consecutively. Under （17±1）℃, it took 124 h from fertilization to hatching with the average cumulative temperature of 2 108.00 h ℃. The yolk-sac larvae started to swim horizontally when the pneumatic cyst became inflated 9 days after hatching. The embryonic development process could be divided into 6 stages, including fertilized egg stage, cell division stage, blastula stage, gastrula stage, neurula stage and organ formation stage, and contained twenty-five developing phases as other teleosts, each of which the characteristics were described.The development rate of embryo and yolk-sac larva of Schizothorax chongi was faster than other species in Schizothoracinae, and the development rate of muscle effector was even faster. The frequency of palpitation was not simply linear growth from slow to fast, but was a curve change process with speed interaction. In addition, each stage during early development had different sensitivity to peripheral environment, with the gastrular stage more sensitive than other stages. [Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 2008, 15 （6）： 927-934]

关 键 词：细鳞裂腹鱼 胚胎发育 卵黄囊仔鱼发育 

分 类 号：Q959[生物学—动物学]