利用二硝基苯胺类除草剂离体诱导西瓜四倍体  

In Vitro Induction of Tetraploid Watermelon Using Dinitroaniline Herbicide

作　　者：阎志红[1] 刘文革[1] 赵胜杰[1] 何楠[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所,郑州450009

出　　处：《园艺学报》2008年第11期1621-1626,共6页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：国家‘863’计划子课题项目(2004AA241170);国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD01A7-6-03);河南省重大科技攻关项目(072101110500);河南省自然科学基金项目(0511030800)

摘　　要：以二倍体西瓜单系Z-A和Z-R为试验材料,采用不同浓度的二硝基苯胺类除草剂——胺磺灵、二甲戊乐灵和氟乐灵处理其离体子叶,以秋水仙素和不含任何诱导剂的液体培养基为对照,研究诱导西瓜四倍体的效果。结果表明,3种除草剂诱导西瓜四倍体的效果都比秋水仙素好,二甲戊乐灵、胺磺灵、氟乐灵和秋水仙素的四倍体诱导率分别为40.0%、33.3%、26.7%和13.3%。采用子叶直接处理比间接处理的四倍体诱导率高。通过FDA荧光法对西瓜试管苗叶片表皮保卫细胞叶绿体计数,进行四倍体变异早期鉴定,准确率为90%以上。Tetraploid watermelons were successfully induced in vitro by treating cotyledons of diploid watermelon lines Z-A and Z-R in liquid MS medium with three dinitroanilines herbicide oryzalin, pendimethalin and trifluralin in different concentrations, colchicine or no inductor used as control. The results indicated that the effects of tetraploid induction were better by using three dinitroanilines than those of colchicine. The induced tetraploid rate of oryzalin, pendimethalin, trifluralin and colchicine was 40. 0%, 33.3%, 26. 7% and 13.3% respectively. The induction rate of direct treatment in which the cut cotyledons were directly planted into inductive medium was higher than that of indirect treatment in which the cotyledons were pre-cultured on differentiation medium （ MS ＋ BA 2.0 mg ·L^-1 ） for 7 d before planted into inductive medium. The tetraploid of watermelon plantlets was determined in the early stage with FDA fluorescence method in which the chloroplasts of epidermal guard cells were counted under a microscope and UV light. The detective rate was above 90%. The confirmed tetraploid plantlets were transplanted into a greenhouse and self-pollinated and the seeds of tetraploids were obtained.

关 键 词：西瓜 四倍体 二硝基苯胺类除草剂 离体诱导 倍性 

分 类 号：S651[农业科学—果树学]