极端干旱区天然植被耗水规律试验研究  

Experimental Study on Natural Vegetation Evapotranspiration in Hyperarid Region

作　　者：冯起[1] 司建华[1] 席海洋[1] 常宗强[1] 苏永红[1] 曹生奎[1] 郭瑞[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所阿拉善荒漠生态-水文试验研究站,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2008年第6期1095-1103,共9页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：中国科学院创新团队国际合作伙伴计划项目(CXTD-Z2005-2);国家自然科学基金项目(40725001;40671010;40501012)资助

摘　　要：采用自动控制仪器对极端干旱地区不同植被的单株和群落的蒸散发进行了长期的试验研究。结果表明：胡杨在生长期内单位叶面积上月蒸腾量8月最大,10月最小,蒸腾量呈单峰型,在4—5月树干单位面积液流通量为0.13～0.15 L.cm-2.d-1,6月为0.294 L.cm-2.d-1。在晴朗无云的条件下,柽柳灌丛蒸散速率变化呈单峰型,在生长季节日蒸腾量为63.48 L,平均日蒸腾量为0.349 L。梭梭日蒸腾量与土壤含水量有密切的关系,在生长期总蒸腾量为344.66 L。骆驼刺、苦豆子和胖姑娘蒸腾量月变化具有共性,各月和年蒸腾量的总量骆驼刺最大,苦豆子居中,胖姑娘最小。最后推算额济纳三角洲全年植物蒸散发总量为2.43亿m3。该定量数据的测定为确定区域层面上的需水量和区域生态需水计算奠定基础。Long-term experimental study on single/community evapotranspiration of different vegetation in hyperarid region was conducted by using automatic observation instruments. Some results were given out as following： the monthly maximum evapotranspiration of Populus euphratica leaves is in August, the minimum evapotranspiration in October. In the growing season, the diurnal variation of evapotranspiration of Populus euphratica is single peak pattern, and the unit area stem water flow amount is 0.13- 0.15 L· cm 2· d-1 in April and May, 0. 294 L·cm-2· d-1 in June. In clear sky condition, the diurnal variation of evapotranspiration of Tamarix ramosissima is single peak pattern, and daily evapotranspiration in growing season is 63.48 L, mean is 0. 349 L. Daily evapotranspiration of Haloxylon aramodendron is strong related with oil moisture; the total evapotranspiration is 344.66 L in the whole growing season. Monthly evapotranspiration variations of Alhagi spassifolia, Sophora alopecuroides and Karelinie caspia appear similar regulation. Monthly and yearly evapotranspiration decreased from Alhagi spassifolia, Sophora alopecuroides to Karelinie caspia. It was calculated that the yearly vegetation evapotranspiration in the Ejin oasis is 2.43 × 10^8 m^3 , which provide the basic data for calculating the regional water requirement and ecological water need in future.

关 键 词：极端干旱区 天然植被 耗水 试验研究 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]