北疆灌耕灰漠土施钾对棉花钾素营养生理和产量的影响  

Effects of K Application on Cotton Nutritional Physiology and Yield on Calcaric Fluvisals Soil

作　　者：刘冬梅[1] 褚贵新[1] 李俊华[1] 刘瑜[1] 王国栋[1] 权晓燕[1] 杨长江 

机构地区：[1]新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室／石河子大学农学院资环系,新疆石河子832000 [2]石河子下野地国家棉花良种繁育基地,石河子832000

出　　处：《棉花学报》2008年第6期436-441,共6页Cotton Science

基　　金：科技部“973”重大基础研究前期预研项目“新疆绿洲长期连作棉田重要生态过程的演变机制及调控对策”项目(2006CB708401);石河子大学博士资金项目(200550)

摘　　要：选择新疆北疆棉区具有代表性的灌耕灰漠土,采用透射电镜显微技术和常规分析方法,对棉花的钾素营养和钾肥肥效进行了研究。结果表明,施钾可提高棉花冠层功能叶的气孔导度,改善棉花生长中后期功能叶的叶绿体超微结构,使基粒片层数量多且排列整齐致密,而不施钾会导致棉花功能叶片叶绿体过早解体。施钾显著提高了棉花的含钾量,叶和铃壳中钾含量比对照分别增加了13.3%和6.3%。施钾可使果枝数增加11.8%,显著提高皮棉产量,但对纤维品质无明显作用。Using transmission electron micrographs technique and conventional analysis approach, field and pot experiments were carried out to evaluate effects of K fertilizer on cotton nutritional physiology and yield in Calcaric Fluvisals soil in Xinjiang. The results showed that application of K fertilizer significantly increased cotton leaf stomatal conductance, and improved leaf chloroplast ultra-structure of in mid and late cotton plant growth stage. The stroma and grana lamellae chloroplasts are regular and compact under of K application treatment, whereas, chloroplasts was loose and disorganized at early cotton growth stage under the control treatment. K application obviously enhanced cotton tissue po- tassium content i.e. K content, in leaf and boll shell enhanced 13.30% and 6.3%, respectively. The boll number were 7.4 and 6.6 per plant, respectively, with both treatments of Na300 P150 K150 and control. Fruiting branch number of the treatment of K application was 11.8% higher than control. Cotton lint yield were 2284 kg · hm^2 and 2090 kg hm^2, respectively, under treatments of N300P150 K150 and control, through K fertilizer application can significant enhance lint yield. However, there has no obvious effect of K fertilization on fiber qualities.

关 键 词：灌耕灰漠土 钾肥 棉花 产量 叶绿体超微结构 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]