新型Bt杀虫蛋白:VIP杀虫的机理与植物转基因应用  

Insecticidal Mechanism of Bt Vegetative Insecticidal Proteins and their Application in GM Crops

作　　者：刘辰[1,2] 谢柳[1,2] 张文飞[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]广西大学生命科学与技术学院,南宁530004 [2]海南省农作物分子育种重点实验室,三亚572025

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2008年第6期1031-1037,共7页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：国家863项目(2006AA022189)资助

摘　　要：苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis,简称Bt)是目前应用最多的生物杀虫剂。它能够产生多种杀虫因子,其中最主要是杀虫晶体蛋白(insecticidal crystal proteins,ICP)和营养期杀虫蛋白(vegetative insecticidal protein,VIP)。VIP在Bt营养期生长阶段开始分泌,它们不形成蛋白晶体,和ICP在进化上没有同源性。VIP的杀虫活性很高,达到了纳克级水平,为一类新型杀虫蛋白,被认为是第二代生物杀虫剂。VIP根据蛋白质序列同源性主要分为三类:VIP1、VIP2和VIP3。VIP1和VIP2共同构成二元毒素对鞘翅目萤叶甲科昆虫具有特异性毒杀作用,VIP3对鳞翅目害虫具有很高的杀虫活性。由于VIP对一些可能对ICP产生抗性的害虫具有高效的毒杀作用,而且害虫对ICP和VIP产生交互抗性的几率也很小,因此转VIP植物研究受到了科学家的青睐,并已有不少成功的报道和专利。目前为止,已经利用VIP3构建了转基因水稻、转基因玉米、转基因棉花等多种转基因作物。Bacillus thuringiensis （hereinafter, Bt for short） is a bacteria that would be the most widely used as biological insecticides. Bt can produce several insecticidal factors, which generally includes insecticidal crystal proteins （ICP）, and vegetative insecticidal proteins （VIP）. It is proverbial that ICP is a kind of protein crystal but VIP is not. VIP is a soluble protein secreted during the whole vegetative phase without evolutional homology with ICP. The pesticidal activities of VIP could be up to nanogram level which would be considered as new generation of biopesticides. VIP are classified into three types, VIP1, VIP2 and VIP3, based on the homology of amino acid sequence. It is clear that VIP1 and VIP2 have specific toxicity to coleoptera insects by functioned as the binary toxin, and that VIP3 has high insecticidal activity to Lepidoptera insects. Obviously it would be received much more attentions that VIP as novel insecticidal protein be adopted to develop transgenic plants due to its high toxicity and low cross resistant possibilities. No doubt, VIP will be more and more applied in the breeding program of GM crop, in fact the genetically modified crop with VIP gene have been constructed in flee, corn, cotton in China.

关 键 词：苏云金芽孢杆菌 营养期杀虫蛋白 杀虫机理 转基因植物 

分 类 号：S476[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S336[农业科学—植物保护]