湘南三种典型红壤生土长期施肥对花生生长发育及产量影响  

Effect of Long Term Fertilization on Peanut Growth and Output in Three Typical Parent Material Red Soil in South Hunan

作　　者：高菊生[1] 孙楠[2] 刘登望[3] 李林[3] 曹卫东[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农科院祁阳红壤实验站,湖南祁阳426182 [2]中国农科院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [3]湖南农业大学,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2008年第11期220-223,共4页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划"中南贫瘠红壤与水稻土地力提升关键技术模式研究与示范"(2006BAD05B09);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金"长期不同施肥红壤肥力变化特征研究"(2007-15);国家农业公益性行业科研专项"绿肥作物生产与利用技术集成研究及示范"(200803029)。

摘　　要：以长期定位试验为基本材料,研究了湘南3种典型红壤生土长期施肥对花生生长发育及产量影响。结果表明:1、3种典型红壤生土生物产量和经济产量均以NPK处理为最高,以CK处理为最低。其大致趋势为:NPK最好,其次是OM,最差是CK。2、3种不同母质,花生生物产量以花岗岩红壤为最高(68034.8kg/hm2),四纪红壤次之(65358.6kg/hm2),紫色土最低(55016.1kg/hm2);花生经济产量以花岗岩红壤为最高(7766.7kg/hm2),紫色土次之(7391.6kg/hm2),四纪红壤最低(56003.5kg/hm2)。3、3种典型红壤花生的分枝数都以NPK处理为最多,CK处理为最少。花岗岩红壤花生的分枝NPK处理比cK每平方米多90个,四纪红土花生的分枝NPK处理比CK多66个/m2,紫色土花生的分枝NPK处理比cK多88个/m2。而且,生物产量归还的处理花生的分枝数比生物产量取走的处理花生的分枝数多。4、3种典型红壤花生的饱果数都以OM处理为最多,NPK最少。花岗岩红壤花生的饱果数OM处理(平均为103.0个/m2),比NPK处理多55.5个/m2;四纪红土花生的饱果数OM处理(平均为76.0g),比NPK处理多46.5个/m2;紫色土花生的饱果数OM处理(平均为44.5个/m2),比NPK处理多6.5个/m2。5、3种典型红壤花生的100果重,其趋势同花生的饱果数。都以OM处理最重,NPK处理最少。花岗岩红壤花生的100果重OM处理(平均为102.9g)比NPK处理多44.22g,四纪红土花生的100果重OM处理(平均为103.1g)比NPK处理多34.91g,紫色土花生的100果重OM处理(平均为103.8g),比NPK处理多38.1g。Effect of long term fertilization on peanut growth and output were studied in three typical parent material soil in South Hunan under long site experiment. The result showed as follows： 1. The biological production and economic output of NPK treatment were the highest, and the CK treatment were the lowest in the three typical parent material red soil. The general trend was that NPK treatment was the best, OM treatment was followed,and CK treatment was the worst. 2. In three different parent material red soil, the peanut biological production was the highest （68034.8 kg/hm^2） in granitization red soil, in quaternary red soil （65358.6 kg/hm^2） and purplish soil（55016.1 kg/hm^2） was followed respectively; the economic output was highest （7766.7 kg/hm^2） in granitization red soil, purplish soil （7391.6 kg/hm^2） was followed, and the output was the lowest （56003.5 kg/hm^2） in quaternary red soil. 3. The branch quantities of NPK treatment was the most and CK treatment was the least in the three typical parent material red soil. Compared with CK treatment , the branch quantities of NPK treatment respectively increased by 90, 66, 88 per mE in granitization red soil, quaternary red soil and purplish soil. Moreover, the peanut branch quantities that biological production returned were more than that biological production taken. 4. The peanut full fruit quantities of OM treatment were the most and NPK treatment were the least in the three typical parent material red soil. The peanut full fruit quantities of OM treatment respectively averaged 103.0, 76.0, 44.5 per m^2, increasing by 55.5, 46.5, 6.5 per m2 comparied with NPK treatment in granitization red soil, quaternary red soil and purplish soil. 5. The varied trend of 100 peanut fruit weights was the same to peanut full fruit quantities： the OM treatment were the heaviest and the NPK treatment were the lightest. OM treatment of 100 peanut fruit weights respectively averaged 102.9g, 103.1g, 103.8g ,and increased by 44.22g, 34.91g and 38.1g compa

关 键 词：长期施肥 典型红壤生土 花生 产量 

分 类 号：S156.6[农业科学—土壤学]