旱地玉米全膜双垄沟播技术土壤水分效应研究  

Study on soil water effects of the techniques of whole plastic-film mulching on double ridges and planting in catchment furrows of dryland corn

作　　者：刘广才 杨祁峰 李来祥[2] 樊廷录[3] 赵小文 朱永永 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业技术推广总站,甘肃兰州730020 [2]甘肃省天水市农业技术推广站,甘肃天水74100 [3]甘肃省农业科学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2008年第6期18-28,共11页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：甘肃省旱作农业项目“旱地全膜双垄沟播技术示范推广”(甘农牧农[2007]64号)

摘　　要：采用田间小区试验研究了旱地玉米全膜双垄沟播技术不同覆膜模式的土壤水分效应。结果表明,玉米播前至拔节期,0～20 cm土壤含水量,秋季全覆膜较传统播前半膜平铺提高5.6～6.2个百分点,顶凌全覆膜较播前半膜平铺提高3.9～5.2个百分点,播前全覆膜较播前半膜平铺提高0～4.0个百分点;1 m土壤贮水量,秋季全覆膜较播前半膜平铺增加49.5～51.3 mm,顶凌全覆膜较播前半膜平铺增加33.9～39.6 mm,播前全覆膜较播前半膜平铺增加0～26.9 mm,正是由于秋季全覆膜和顶凌全覆膜前期较高的土壤含水量,从而有效解决了玉米4～5月份因春旱无法播种、出苗的瓶颈。全膜双垄沟播技术大幅度提高了农田降水利用率和玉米水分利用效率,使降水利用率最高达到75.2%、平均降水利用率达到70.1%,使玉米水分利用效率最高达到35.93 kg/(mm.hm2),平均达到33.63 kg/(mm.hm2),在旱作农田降水高效利用方面取得了新进展。Field plot experiments were employed to investigate soil water effects off the techniques of whole plastic-film mulching on double ridges and planting in catchment furrows of dryland corn under different film mulching modes. The results showed that compared with the conventional film mulching cultivation （half flat mulching before sowing）, autumn double ridges whole mulching, early spring double ridges whole mulching and sowing double ridges whole mulching increased water content of 0 - 20 cm soil layer by 5.6 - 6.2 %, 3.9 5.2 %,6 and 0 % - 4.0 % respectively; increased water storage of lm soil layer by 49.5 - 51.3 mm, 33.9 - 39.6 mm and 0 - 26.9 mm respectively before corn shooting, which indicated it was the relative higher soil water content of autumn whole mulching and early spring whole mulching that solved the major problem that corn could not be sowed and emerged because of spring drought. The techniques increased field rainfall use rate and corn water use efficiency remarkably which lead the highest field rainfall use rate and corn water use efficiency to 75.2% and 35.93 kg/（mm·hm^2） respectively, and the average field rainfall use rate and corn water use efficiency to 70.1% and 33.63 kg/（mm·hm^2） respectively. It has made a key breakthrough for highly efficient rainwater utilizing techniques in dryland.

关 键 词：旱作玉米 全膜覆盖 双垄面集雨 沟播 土壤水分 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S152.7