广东地区冬季寒害风险辨识  

Risk identification of winter's cold damage in Guangdong Province

作　　者：杜尧东[1] 李春梅[1] 唐力生[1] 刘锦銮[1] 陈新光[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东省气候与农业气象中心,广东广州510080

出　　处：《自然灾害学报》2008年第5期82-86,共5页Journal of Natural Disasters

基　　金："十一五"国家科技支撑计划重点项目(2006BAD04B03)

摘　　要：从灾害风险辨识的原理出发,对广东地区冬季寒害的孕灾环境、致灾因子、承灾体、灾情和抗灾能力进行了系统的分析。结果表明,季风气候显著、南岭山脉和特定的环流形势,是孕育广东地区寒害的温床。降温幅度、低温强度、低温持续日数和有害积寒等致灾因子呈现出明显的北强南弱、北多南少的纬向差异。果树、粮食作物、蔬菜等承灾体不同,同一承灾体的品种、树龄、发育期、长势不同,耐低温的能力也不同。20世纪90年代的4次寒害,给广东造成了213亿多元的经济损失,寒害已成为继台风、暴雨之后广东的第三大灾种。开展寒害监测与预警,进行适地适时种植,综合运用物理、化学、生物方法,可以大大提高防御寒害的能力。Based on the principle of disaster risk identification, the disaster-pregnant environment, disaster inducing factors, disaster bearing bodies, loss and disaster-resistant capability were systematically analyzed for Guangdong Province. Results show that marked monsoon climate, Nanling Mountains, and special circulation pattern were the hotbed of breeding cold damage. Disaster inducing factors, such as temperature drop range, low temperature intensity, persisting days of low temperature and harmful chilling accumulation all appears as latitudinal distributions which are strong or great in the north and weak or small in the south. Different disaster bearing bodies, for example, fruit tree, food crop, vegetable as well as different varieties, tree age, development stages, growing situations has different low temperature - resisting abilities. Four clod damage in 1990＇ s caused enonnous losses of more than 21.3 billions in Guangdong Province. Cold damage has become third strong disaster. Cold damage monitoring and early warning, cultivation in suitable land and best time as well as application of physical, chemical and biological methods can greatly improve the capability of resisting cold damage.

关 键 词：寒害 风险辨识 广东省 

分 类 号：S426[农业科学—植物保护]