地铁车站火灾时不同站台层结构的烟气扩散与控制  

Smoke Diffusion and Control at Different Platform Floor Structure of Subway Station in Fire

作　　者：周汝[1,2] 何嘉鹏[1,2] 蒋军成[1,2] 唐晓亮[3] 

机构地区：[1]南京工业大学城市建设与安全工程学院,江苏南京210009 [2]江苏省城市与工业安全重点实验室,江苏南京210009 [3]江苏省公安厅消防局,江苏南京210036

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2008年第6期126-131,共6页China Railway Science

基　　金：江苏省社会发展项目(BS2003031)

摘　　要：根据地铁车站物理模型,对站台层列车中部车厢着火引发火灾时的烟气扩散进行三维模拟,分析安装屏蔽门对岛式和侧式2种典型结构站台层烟气扩散及控制的影响。用能量方程、动量方程、连续性方程、组分方程和完全浮力修正的k-ε方程描述烟气湍流流动,用SIMPLEC算法求解。结果表明:对于2种典型结构层,在发生火灾360 s时,未安装屏蔽门的,烟气均已扩散蔓延至整个站台层的上部空间并沉降至1.8 m的安全高度,人员疏散均较为困难,安装屏蔽门的,所有疏散楼梯口均能保持正常状态,屏蔽门对烟气的扩散起到很好的阻拦作用,且排烟口和隧道排出了更多的烟气;安装屏蔽门后,岛式、侧式站台层的排烟效率分别提高15.8%和10.1%;侧式站台层的抽吸烟气作用更加明显,比岛式站台排出了更多的烟气。由此可知,在2种典型结构的站台层中安装屏蔽门,可以加强对站台层火灾时烟气的控制,为人员及时有效地疏散创造了良好的条件。According to the physical model of subway station, three-dimension simulations were done to analyze the smoke diffusion and control system for different typical structures including island-platform and side-platform with or without platform screen door （PSD） in subway station fire which was located in the middle of the train. The characterization of turbulent smoke flow was made up of energy equation, momentum equation, continuity equation, concentration equation and equation of full modified buoyancy, and the SIMPLEC arithmetic was adopted to work out the solutions. The results indicated that when the fire lasted for 360 s on both typical platforms, the smoke diffused on the upper space of the whole platform floor and deposited below 1.8 m without PSD. On the contrary, with PSI）, the smoke was restrained in the railway tunnel and more smoke was exhausted, all stairs were clean for evacuation. The efficiency of exhausting smoke was raised 15.8% in island-platform and 10. 1% in side-platform. The effect of exhausting smoke in the side-platform was stronger than in the island-platform. Compard with the traditional smoke control model, it is found that PSD plays a remarkable role in restricting the diffusion of smoke, which provides a better condition for evacuation in the subway station fires.

关 键 词：地铁车站 站台层 火灾 烟气扩散 屏蔽门 

分 类 号：U231.96[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]