尼日尔三角洲盆地油气地质与成藏特征  

Hydrocarbon geology and reservoir formation characteristics of Niger Delta Basin

作　　者：邓荣敬[1,2] 邓运华[2] 于水[2] 侯读杰[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)博士后流动站 [2]中国海洋石油有限公司北京研究中心 [3]中国地质大学(北京)能源学院

出　　处：《石油勘探与开发》2008年第6期755-762,共8页Petroleum Exploration and Development

基　　金：教育部重点基金项目"寒武系烃源岩分子化石技术研究"(104040)

摘　　要：尼日尔三角洲盆地油气资源十分丰富,根据该盆地50余年油气勘探开发主要成果及其主要地质资料,研究其石油地质特征,总结其成藏和油气富集规律。尼日尔三角洲盆地是早白垩世开始发育的被动大陆边缘盆地,包括裂谷期和漂移期两个演化阶段,盆地形成发育与冈瓦纳大陆裂解和南大西洋、赤道大西洋张开有关。始新世以来长期海退形成了现今的尼日尔三角洲,自下而上发育阿卡塔组、阿格巴达组和贝宁组3个岩性地层单元。三角洲前积推进过程中,在大陆边缘重力作用下,自北向南形成了尼日尔三角洲伸展构造区、底辟构造区和逆冲推覆构造区。深水区的大型底辟—逆冲构造圈闭和陆地—浅海伸展构造区的深层大型断块圈闭、断鼻构造圈闭、构造翼部大型的岩性圈闭是尼日尔三角洲盆地今后寻找大油气田的主要地区。Niger Delta Basin is abundant in oil and gas resources. Based on over 50 years of petroleum exploration and development and major geological data for the basin, this paper studies its petroleum geology characteristics and summarizes its reservoir formation and hydrocarbon enrichment rules. Niger Delta Basin is a passive continental margin basin developed in early Cretaceous in association with the breakup of Gondwana and the opening of South and Equatorial Atlantic and evolved two tectonic stages, namely rifting and drifting. Long-term marine regression since Eocene resulted in the Niger Delta, with three lithostratic units developed from bottom to top, i.e. Akata Formation, Agbada Formation and Benin Formation. During deltaic progradation, under the continental gravity, three structural zones were developed from north to south, which are extensional structure of Niger Delta, diapiric structure and obduction nappe structure. The large diapiric^obduction structural trap in deep water and the deep large faulted trap, faulted-nose structural trap and large lithologic trap at flank of structure in land-shallow water extensional structure are major future targets to explore large oil and gas fields in Niger Delta Basin.

关 键 词：尼日尔三角洲 勘探开发成果 石油地质 构造沉积带 油气成藏 

分 类 号：TE122.1[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]