哲学之为穷理  

Philosophy as Ratiocination

作　　者：陈嘉映[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学哲学系 [2]华东师范大学哲学系

出　　处：《中山大学学报（社会科学版）》2008年第6期108-117,共10页Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地2006年度重点项目<20世纪中国伦理学:问题与思考>

摘　　要：哲学追索根本的道理,使各种道理贯通的道理。追索根本道理,不是无限向前追逐,而是对道理之为道理进行反思。穷理并不是从一个现成道理追向另一个隐藏更深的现成道理或曰客观规律,仿佛它像对象那样独立于人类理解,可从外部加以掌握。根本道理作为反思之理,始终与我们对道理的领会和理解密不可分。道理只在语言中获得其确定的形式。概念考察是穷理的核心。概念考察关心的不是语义学,是道理。哲学是对常理的反思,这种反思须借助自然概念展开。一个哲学家对某一概念的使用,可能与我们通常的用法不尽相同,但他的这种新用法,只能依据延伸这个概念原本所包含的道理,而不是通过对这个概念进行人为定义。Philosophy searches for fundamental rationales that run through and connect ordinary rationales.Such search is not an endless pursuit,but a reflection on the rationale as why and how it is a rationale.Thus,the goal of the search is not to discover a deeper ready-made law from the existing one,as if it is independent of human understanding,just as natural sciences would discover.Fundamental rationales,by their reflective or dialectic nature,cannot be separated from how they are understood.Philosophy is the refection on ordinary rationales,and a philosopher does his work by means of natural concepts.If and when his use of a word is in a way different from ours,the new usage should rely on rationales contained in its original uses rather than be imposed on by artificial definition.

关 键 词：道理 穷理 反思 自然概念 

分 类 号：B0[哲学宗教—哲学理论]